Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) Transfer through Charged Polysulfonated Cation Exchange Membranes

Transport of chromium through cation-exchange membranesby Donnan dialysis in the presence of some metals of different valences

“…5-8. In the Donnan dialysis process, H + ions provided the driving force in the transport mechanism [30] in which metal ions need to be recovered using I-I + ions. Transport was driven by the pH differences between both sides.…”

“…In this case the fluxes of ion in the receiver phase can be determined experimentally and the interpretation of the experimental results is discussed. The mathematical expression in terms of metal ion fluxes as well as the influence of H* ion was described previously [30].…”

Recovery and Concentration of Al(III), Fe(III), Ti(IV), and Na(I) from Red Mud

“…The basic mechanism of the Donnan dialysis process was described in our previous work (15). In this process, the transport of metal ions is balanced by the pumping ion: in this case H + ions moving in the counterbalance.…”

“…[1] was described in Refs. (15,16) as where Me and z represent the metal and valences of ions, respectively,c Me Z ,I andc Me Z ,I I are the concentrations of the metal in ion-exchange membrances in feed phase (I) and receiver phase (II), respectively, andc x is the fixed charge density. Table 1 reports the initial fluxes and diffusion coefficients of metals with different HCl concentrations.…”

Removal of troublesome anions from water by means of Donnan dialysis

“…In the Donnan dialysis with a cationexchange membrane, the recovery of valuable metals from diluted solutions is possible, e.g. cobalt and nickel [2], silver and copper [3] or chromium [4]. The possibilities for the concentration of recovered ions are however limited, because of the phenomenon of osmosis, that becomes more intense when the concentration of the driving cation in the receiving solution is higher [3].…”