Cobalt(II) Complexes of Nitrile‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids

Nockemann, Peter; Pellens, Michael; Hecke, Kristof Van; Meervelt, Luc Van; Wouters, Johan; Thijs, Ben; Vanecht, Evert; Parac-Vogt, Tatjana; Hasan, Mehdi; Schaltin, Stijn; Fransaer, Jan; Zahn, Stefan; Kirchner, Barbara; Binnemans, Koen

doi:10.1002/chem.200901729

Cited by 62 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…These ionic liquids have a built-in coordinating unit such as a nitrile group which can complex the metal ion, thereby increasing its solubility. 8,9 Another way to improve the solubility of metal ions in ionic liquids is to design ionic liquids with a metal complex as part of their composition. 10…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition from Cationic Cuprous Organic Complexes: Ionic Liquids for High Current Density Electroplating

Schaltin¹,

Brooks

Binnemans

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electrochemical behavior of the low-melting copper salts ͓Cu͑MeCN͒ x ͔͓Tf 2 N͔ and ͓Cu͑PhCN͒ x ͔͓Tf 2 N͔ ͑x = 2-4͒, where MeCN is acetonitrile and PhCN is benzonitrile, is presented. In these compounds, the copper͑I͒ ion is a main component of the ionic liquid cation. Consequently, the copper concentration is the highest achievable for an ionic liquid and this permits to obtain a good mass transport and high current densities for electrodeposition. The cathodic limit of the ionic liquid is the reduction of copper͑I͒ to copper metal instead of the breakdown of the cation as in conventional ionic liquids. It is shown that pure, crack-free copper layers can be deposited from these copper-containing ionic liquids in unstirred solutions at current densities up to 25 A dm −2 .Ionic liquids are useful solvents for electrochemical applications because of their wide electrochemical window and the presence of intrinsic ionic charge carriers. 1-3 Examples of such applications are their use as electrolytes in batteries, in photovoltaic devices, and for the electrodeposition of metals. In all of these applications, good mass transfer is needed. However, as the viscosity of most ionic liquids is much higher than that of the most molecular solvents, the mass transport in ionic liquids is rather poor. Moreover, the mass transport is limited even further by the poor solubility of simple metal salts ͑e.g., chlorides͒ in most ionic liquids suitable for electrodeposition, except for the dicyanamide ionic liquids. 4-7 The limited solubility is due to the poor coordinating power of anions such as ͓BF 4 ͔ − , ͓PF 6 ͔ − , or bis͑trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl͒imide ͓͑Tf 2 N͔ − ͒.To increase the solubility, functionalized ionic liquids can be used. These ionic liquids have a built-in coordinating unit such as a nitrile group which can complex the metal ion, thereby increasing its solubility. 8,9 Another way to improve the solubility of metal ions in ionic liquids is to design ionic liquids with a metal complex as part of their composition. 10

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confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition from Cationic Cuprous Organic Complexes: Ionic Liquids for High Current Density Electroplating

Schaltin¹,

Brooks

Binnemans

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Metal-containing ionic liquids [22] (especially chlorometallates) represent a well-known class of ionic liquids, used widely for catalysis (both on the laboratory and industrial scale) [23] and electrodeposition. [24] Since the metal is present in a welldefined form and high concentration, they also have the potential for use in inorganic syntheses, including preparation of nanostructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Synthesis of Indium(0) Nanoparticles in Haloindate(III) Ionic Liquids

et al. 2011

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A synthetic route to indium(0) nanoparticles via an electrochemical reduction of haloindate(III) ionic liquids to indium(I), and its subsequent disproportionation to indium(0) and indium(III) in the bulk electrolyte, is described. In this sustainable method, the ionic liquid acts simultaneously as metal source, templating agent, and stabilising agent, with the electron as the only reducing agent. The nature of the ionic liquid cation is demonstrated to strongly affect the morphology and size distribution of the indium(0) nanoparticles.

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“…By comparing the Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) containing ionic liquids, an interesting dependence of the melting points on the composition of the metal complex has been observed. To date, there have been very few crystal structures of Co, Ni or Cu complexes containing the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion, 10,13,17,[22][23][24][25][26][27] so the effect of this anion on the crystal packing in metal complexes is little understood. Due to the charge distribution and the weak intermolecular interactions, the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion is a good candidate to make low-melting or even roomtemperature metal-containing ionic liquids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal structures of low-melting ionic transition-metal complexes with N-alkylimidazole ligands

et al. 2012

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Cobalt(II) Complexes of Nitrile‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids

Cited by 62 publications

References 59 publications

Electrodeposition from Cationic Cuprous Organic Complexes: Ionic Liquids for High Current Density Electroplating

Electrodeposition from Cationic Cuprous Organic Complexes: Ionic Liquids for High Current Density Electroplating

Electrochemical Synthesis of Indium(0) Nanoparticles in Haloindate(III) Ionic Liquids

Crystal structures of low-melting ionic transition-metal complexes with N-alkylimidazole ligands

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