“…The peaks at 284.7, 285.5, 286.1, 288.0, 289.1, and 290.5 eV in the C 1 s XPS spectra corresponded to sp 2 –C, sp 3 –C, C–O, CO, OC–O, and π–π* transition, respectively, whereas those at 530.3, 532.0, and 532.8 eV in the O 1 s XP spectra corresponded to Co–O, CO, and C–O. , The peaks at 398.7, 400.4, and 402.2 eV were attributed to pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and graphitic-N, respectively, and could be fitted to the model of perfect dodecahedral carbons . The peaks at 779.8 and 782.0 eV in the Co 2p 1/2 XPS spectra corresponded to Co 3+ and Co 2+ , respectively, and the signal at 786.1 eV was a satellite peak . The Co 3+ /Co 2+ ratio, as calculated from the Co 2p XPS spectra (Figure D), was 3:2.…”