“…In Figure a, there are six different peaks in the investigated spectra, including C 1s, N 1s, S 2p, Mo 3d, Co 2p, and O 1s. The C 1s spectra (Figure b) exhibit three peaks at 284.8, 286.6, and 288 eV that can be attributed to the C–C/CC, C–N/C–O, and CO groups, respectively. − The N 1s spectra is shown in Figure c with the peaks observed at 395.5 eV corresponding to Mo 3p. , And the peaks observed at 398.6, 400.9 and 402.2 eV are attributed to Pyri-N, Pyrr-N, and Grap-N, respectively. − The S 2p spectra (Figure d) show two main peaks located at 162.5 and 163.7 eV, attributed to the S 2p 3/2 and S 2p 1/2 orbitals. , The Mo 3d spectra are shown in Figure e. The peaks appearing of MoS 2 –Co@NCNTs–ER and MoS 2 at 232.5 and 229.3 eV are attributed to Mo 3d 3/2 and Mo 3d 5/2 of the Mo–S phase. , And the peaks at 232.8 and 236 eV for MoS 2 –Co@NCNTs–ER were attributed to Mo 3d 3/2 and Mo 3d 5/2 of Mo VI –O phase, − and the molar ratio of MoS 2 (cyan curve with peak at 229.3 eV) to MoO 3 (yellow curve with peak at 232.8 eV) in MoS 2 –Co@NCNTs–ER is 1:0.47.…”