Cobalt uptake and binding in human red blood cells

Simonsen, Leif; Brown, Anthony M.; Harbak, Henrik; Kristensen, Berit I.; Bennekou, Poul

doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2011.02.009

Cited by 59 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Dermal absorption depends on disrupted dermal integrity. There is hepatic accumulation, as well as red blood cell uptake (binding to the globin moiety of hemoglobin), which may affect monitoring [121]. Urinary cobalt determinations may better reflect the extent of occupational exposures [122].…”

Section: Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No effect was described in thyroid or red blood cell parameters in occupational setting with blood cobalt concentrations up to 3.20 μg/dL and urinary cobalt concentrations up to 204.30 μg/g creatinine [133]. Cobalt erythrocyte uptake is also practically irreversibly [121]. The FDA advised as part of the MOM controversy that "no commercially available standardized tests to assess metalion levels" exist [130].…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Role of Chelation in the Treatment of Other Metal Poisonings

Smith

2013

J. Med. Toxicol.

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Section: Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Chelation in the Treatment of Other Metal Poisonings

Smith

2013

J. Med. Toxicol.

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“…For the general population, diet (meat, vegetables, drinking water) is the main source of Co. Studies on long-term exposure in laboratory animals to the metal ions show that they accumulate in the kidney, liver, spleen, heart, stomach, intestines, muscle, brain and testes [1]. The concentration of Co(II) is also increased in whole blood, serum and urine [2,3]. Co treatment is shown to improve tissue adaptation to hypoxia, enhance physical endurance and performance, and ameliorates mountain sickness [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of Co(II) is also increased in whole blood, serum and urine [2,3]. Co treatment is shown to improve tissue adaptation to hypoxia, enhance physical endurance and performance, and ameliorates mountain sickness [3]. Its salts affect the body weight of patients and experimental animals, but the mechanism remains to be elucidated [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic exposure to cobalt compounds — an in vivo study

Gluhcheva¹,

Atanasov

Ivanova

et al. 2014

Open Life Sciences

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An in vivo experimental model for testing the effects of long-term chronic treatment with cobalt(II) compounds — cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and cobalt-EDTA (Co-EDTA) on mice at different stages of development was optimized. Pregnant mice and their progeny were treated with daily doses of 75 or 125 mg kg−1 body weight until postnatal day 90. The compounds were dissolved in regular tap water. Mice were sacrificed on days 18, 25, 30, 45, 60 and 90 after birth, which correspond to different stages of their development. Altered organ weight indices (calculated as a ratio of organ weight to body weight) of spleen, liver and kidneys, were found depending on the type of compound used, dose, duration of treatment, and the age of the animals. The results also showed significant accumulation of cobalt ions in blood plasma, spleen, liver and kidneys of the exposed mice. More Co(II) was measured in the organs of the immature mice (day 18, 25 and 30 pnd) indicating that they were more sensitive to treatment.

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“…38 In addition, cobalt may increase the expression of other HIF-dependent genes (eg, genes encoding proteins involved in angiogenisis, iron metabolism, and glucose transport). 39 Measurements of the amount of cobalt within the erythrocyte 40 representing the irreversible uptake of free Co 2ϩ or the modeling whole-body and urinary levels of cobalt after high dosage administration 41 have been proposed as detection methods. Future tests will probably rely on advanced biological passport approaches such as molecular signatures of hypoxia, which would detect all previous and future forms of hypoxia-induced gene doping.…”

Section: Copy Epoetins and Hypoxia-inducible Factor Stabilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood manipulation: current challenges from an anti-doping perspective

Mørkeberg

2013

Hematology

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The delivery of oxygen is the limiting factor during whole-body endurance exercise in well-trained individuals, so manipulating the amount of hemoglobin in the blood results in changes in endurance exercise capacity. Athletes began using novel erythropoiesis-stimulating agents well before they were approved for medical use. Older manipulation practices, such as autologous blood transfusions or the administration of first-generation recombinant human erythropoietins, are still widely abused due to challenges in their detection. More recent performance enhancement maneuvers include efforts to mask doping and to induce increased endogenous erythropoietin expression. Confessions by athletes have revealed an ongoing yet extremely sophisticated modus operandi when manipulating the blood. In this review, weaknesses in detection methods and sample collection procedures are scrutinized and strategies developed to circumvent the test system discussed.

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Cobalt uptake and binding in human red blood cells

Cited by 59 publications

References 44 publications

The Role of Chelation in the Treatment of Other Metal Poisonings

The Role of Chelation in the Treatment of Other Metal Poisonings

Chronic exposure to cobalt compounds — an in vivo study

Blood manipulation: current challenges from an anti-doping perspective

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