Cobertura do solo em vinhedos modifica os atributos do solo e o estado nutricional das videiras

Abstract

RESUMOO cultivo de cobertura verde em vinhedos protege o solo da erosão e ainda pode ser uma alternativa para o controle do vigor da videira. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência do cultivo de plantas de cobertura do solo de vinhedo nos atributos químicos do solo, na composição foliar e no crescimento de ramos da videira do cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon. As avalições foram realizadas na safra 2013/14, em experimento conduzido a partir de 2009 na região do Planalto Sul Catarinense, onde as condições edafoclimáticas favorecem o excesso de vigor da videira. Os tratamentos compreenderam três tipos de plantas, dois manejos e um controle. As plantas foram a sucessão de anuais, trigo mourisco (Fagopyrum esculentum) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum), a perene festuca (Festuca arundinacea) e as nativas (espontâneas) e os manejos foram roçada com o resíduo cultural distribuído em área total e, com a sua transferência da faixa da linha da videira para a faixa da entrelinha. O controle foi a aplicação de herbicida na faixa da linha e roçada na entrelinha. As amostragens das folhas e do solo foram realizadas nas fases de mudança de cor e de maturação plena da uva. As plantas de cobertura e seu manejo, em geral, não afetaram o pH, nem os teores de Al, Ca e Mg trocáveis no solo, porém as anuais aumentaram o P extraível na camada 0 -5 cm relativamente à testemunha. Em geral, a espécie perene aumentou o K extraível relativamente à testemunha nas camadas 5-10 e 10-15 cm e relativamente às plantas anuais e nativas em todas as camadas. A festuca promoveu menor teor de Mg nas folhas da videira em relação às plantas anuais e menores teores de P e K relativamente aos demais tratamentos e também diminuiu o teor de N foliar e a massa de ramos da videira em relação à testemunha. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Cabernet Sauvignon, adubo verde, atributos do solo, composição foliar. ABSTRACTThe cover crop intercropping in vineyards protects the soil from erosion and can be an alternative for controlling the growth of the vine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the soil's chemical properties, leaf composition and branch growth of Cabernet Sauvignon vine caused by the cover crops in the vineyard. The study was carried in an experiment conducted from 2009 in the highlands of Santa Catarina state, where the soil and climatic conditions favor the excessive growth of the vine. The treatments consisted of three types of cover crops, two management and a control. The cover crops were annual, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), the perennial fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and the native (spontaneous), while the managements were mowed with the crop residue in total area and, with its transfer from the row to the between row of the vine. Samples of leaves and soil were carried out in "veraison" and at end of grape maturation stages, respectively. The cover crops and its management in general did not change the soil pH, or the exchangeable content of Al, Ca and Mg, but the annual did increase the available P...

Soil chemical properties in vineyard areas in the southern region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

“…In addition, the use of nutrient sources in the vineyard areas was carried out on the surface, without incorporation, to avoid the mechanical damage to grape roots. Furthermore, residue of soil cover and senescent leaves, deposited over the years on the soil surface, contributed also to the cycling and maintenance of higher levels of nutrients, such as P, at the soil surface (Lehmann et al, 2016). The NF area showed the lowest values of P for all the evaluated layers which had a smaller variation along the soil profile in relation to the cultivated areas which received fertilization with high Pesq.…”

“…This can be attributed to the application of K fertilizers in the vineyards during the pre-planting fertilization and grape production (Ciotta et al, 2016). In addition, the deposition of residue of cover crops, leaves of grapes, and roots of these plants contribute to the cycling and maintenance of K in more superficial layers of the soil (Lehmann et al, 2016). Associated with this fact, K is the nutrient most exported by grape bunches, together with N (Tecchio et al, 2007).…”