Cocaine and Opioid Use During Pregnancy: Prevalence and Management

Bhuvaneswar, Chaya G.; Chang, Grace; Epstein, Lucy A.; Stern, Theodore A.

doi:10.4088/pcc.v10n0110

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Although the symptoms of cocaine neurotoxicity are not often life threatening for the mother or the newborn, these symptoms are extremely unpleasant [7,10]. For the mother during the postpartum period, mood symptoms and, less commonly, hallucinations may require treatment with antipsychotic medications, particularly during the inpatient stay.…”

Section: Postpartummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mainstay of the management of the cocaine-addicted mother and newborn immediately following delivery is supportive care [7]. Although the symptoms of cocaine neurotoxicity are not often life threatening for the mother or the newborn, these symptoms are extremely unpleasant [7,10].…”

Section: Postpartummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abruption is thought to be caused by vasospasm and hypoxia of the placental bed, and it is more common with cocaine binging than with regular use. As a result of maternal cocaine use and placental abruption, the incidence of stillbirth in cocaine-abusing mothers is elevated 8% above the expected level when compared to the general population [5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weight can be observed in 22% to 34% of all infants exposed to cocaine in utero, secondary to the constriction of the uterine blood vessels, which leads to intermittent hypo-perfusion of the uterus and placenta [8]. Moreover, cocaine significantly suppresses maternal appetite which contributes to poor maternal and fetal nutrition [7,8]. Cocaine exposure can affect embryonic and fetal development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Human Pregnancy and Postpartum

Malek¹

2012

Pharm Anal Acta

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Section: Postpartummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Postpartummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Human Pregnancy and Postpartum

Malek¹

2012

Pharm Anal Acta

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“…Research has consistently demonstrated that substance use during pregnancy is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. [46][47][48] Experiencing IPV may contribute to the adoption or reinforce behavioral coping mechanisms such as tobacco and illicit substance use that may influence birth weight and gestational age at birth. 49 Future studies may want to assess socially undesirable behaviors via audio computer-assisted survey instruments to decrease underreporting.…”

Section: Severity Of Violence and Adverse Neonatal Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Low-Income Women

Alhusen

Bullock

Sharps

et al. 2014

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects an estimated 1.5 million U.S. women annually. IPV impacts maternal and neonatal health with higher rates of depression and low birth weight (LBW). Less studied is experiencing IPV and delivering a small for gestational age (SGA) baby. SGA neonates are at increased risk of developmental and behavioral problems. The negative sequelae persist into adulthood with increased rates of diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Methods: In a sample of 239 pregnant women experiencing IPV, in urban and rural settings, we examined cross-sectional associations of severity of IPV and neonatal outcomes (i.e., birth weight and gestational age). Severity of IPV was measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale 2 and neonatal outcomes were collected at the time of delivery. Results: Outcomes were collected on 194 neonates; 14.9% (n = 29) were classified as LBW, 19.1% (n = 37) classified as SGA, and 9.8% (n = 19) as LBW and SGA. Women reporting higher severity of IPV during pregnancy had a greater likelihood of delivering an SGA neonate (odds ratio [OR] 4.81; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.86-12.47), and LBW neonate (OR 4.20;. Conclusions: In a sample of pregnant women experiencing perinatal IPV, women experiencing greater severities of IPV were more likely to deliver a neonate with an adverse outcome. Early recognition and intervention of IPV is essential to reduce disparities in birth outcomes and long-term health outcomes for these neonates.

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Motherhood Behind Bars

Dodson

2019

The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime

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Nearly two‐thirds of incarcerated women are mothers of minor children. About three‐fourths of these women were the primary caregiver for their children prior to their imprisonment. Estimates show that the number of children with a mother in prison has more than doubled over the last two decades. After release, many mothers anticipate regaining custody of their children but fulfilling maternal roles while incarcerated is often difficult. Pregnant prisoners have special medical and treatment needs. In response, correctional administrators and treatment staff provide a variety of programs designed to ease the burden of motherhood behind bars and to facilitate the successful restoration of mother–child bonds and family stability post‐incarceration.

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Cocaine and Opioid Use During Pregnancy: Prevalence and Management

Cited by 53 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Human Pregnancy and Postpartum

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Human Pregnancy and Postpartum

Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Low-Income Women

Motherhood Behind Bars

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