Cocaine colitis

Fishel, Rhonda S.; Hamamoto, Gary; Barbul, Adrian; Jiji, V.; Efron, Gershon

doi:10.1007/bf02554049

Cited by 42 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In addition, there were 45 case reports among the included articles. 2 - 4 , 8 - 49 In addition to case reports, there were case series. 1 , 50 - 56 In the final step, manuscripts where the route of cocaine consumption was missing were excluded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Route of Cocaine Use Affect the Mortality and Outcomes of Cocaine-Induced Intestinal Ischemia? A Systematic Review

Farooq

Gondal

Susheela

et al. 2021

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports

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Intestinal ischemia results from diminished perfusion of the colon resulting in tissue hypoxia. Anecdotal reports suggest that cocaine-induced intestinal ischemia has the highest mortality and longer length of stay among the vasoconstrictors. The present study aimed to summarize the available studies in the literature to assess the effect of routes of consumption on the outcomes of cocaine-induced intestinal ischemia. We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE from inception through October 2019. Studies of cocaine-induced intestinal ischemia were included if data were available on comorbidities, mortality, and hospital length of stay (LOS). The study’s primary outcomes were mortality and need for surgery, while secondary outcomes included the hospital length of stay, LACE index, and hospital score. Statistical tests used included linear and binary logistic regression. STATA 2015 was used, and P < 0.05 was statistically significant. Of the 304 studies, 8 case series and 45 case reports (n = 69 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Different routes of cocaine use had similar mortality odds and the need for surgery for intestinal ischemia. Hospital LOS showed significant difference among the subgroups. Readmission scores (LACE and hospital score) were higher for intravenous and smoking than ingestion and intranasal use ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, different routes of cocaine use appear to have similar mortality odds for intestinal ischemia, which vary significantly among the different routes of cocaine consumption for the length of stay and readmission scores. Prompt recognition of the route of cocaine use is vital to improve the outcome. Large-scale and well-designed observational studies are needed to investigate this topic further.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Route of Cocaine Use Affect the Mortality and Outcomes of Cocaine-Induced Intestinal Ischemia? A Systematic Review

Farooq

Gondal

Susheela

et al. 2021

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports

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“…A retrospective study of 70 hospitalized patients found a significant difference in the white blood cell (WBC) counts of C. difficile-positive and C. difficile-negative patients (15,800/mm 3 vs. 7700/mm 3 ), demonstrating the utility of a frequently obtained lab marker in initial suspicion and subsequent diagnosis of CDI. 15,16 Newer advances in the diagnosis of CDI include nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and stool testing for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Figure 1 shows the histopathological findings in a 74 year male patient whose tissue sample was sent to our centre, who has history of diarrhea and use of antibiotics.…”

Section: Signs and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomembranous colitis

Pyakurel¹

2019

J Pathol Nep

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Pseudomembranous colitis is an inflammatory condition of the colon that is most often a manifestation of Clostridium difficile infection. If laboratory testing and endoscopic finding for Clostridium difficile infection is negative, then other less common etiologies should be sought for to identify the correct diagnosis. Ischemic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, medications, chemicals, vasculitis, and multiple infectious pathogens are responsible for non-clostridium difficile Pseudomembranous colitis. Exposure history, chronic medical problems and a current medication list will aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Histology varies significantly with underlying etiology and can establish the diagnosis. Treatment is specific to the underlying etiology. The purpose of this review article is to aware clinicians and other healthcare professionals about various etiologies of pseudo membranous colitis along with its histological finding and treatment.

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“…Examples include alosetron, a selective serotonin antagonist used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), cocaine, dextroamphetamine, gold, and glutaraldehyde, a disinfecting solution used to clean endoscopes. 4,66,98–101 An isolated case report of paraquat (herbicide) toxicity causing PMC was published in 1981, but it is unclear what testing was pursued to make the diagnosis. It was presumed that vascular injury played a role in the initial colonic injury.…”

Section: Drugs and Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomembranous colitis

Farooq¹,

Urrunaga²,

Tang³

et al. 2015

Disease-a-Month

107

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Pseudomembranous colitis is an inflammatory condition of the colon characterized by elevated yellow-white plaques that coalesce to form pseudomembranes on the mucosa. Patients with the condition commonly present with abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and leukocytosis. Because pseudomembranous colitis is often associated with C. difficile infection, stool testing and empiric antibiotic treatment should be initiated when suspected. When results of C. difficile testing are negative and symptoms persist despite escalating empiric treatment, early gastroenterology consultation and lower endoscopy would be the next step in the appropriate clinical setting. If pseudomembranous colitis is confirmed endoscopically, colonic biopsies should be obtained, as histology can offer helpful clues to the underlying diagnosis. The less common non-C. difficile causes of pseudomembranous colitis should be entertained, as a number of etiologies can result in this condition. Examples include Behcet’s disease, collagenous colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemic colitis, other infections organisms (e.g. bacteria, parasites, viruses), and a handful of drugs and toxins. Pinpointing the correct underlying etiology would better direct patient care and disease management. Surgical specialists would be most helpful in colonic perforation, gangrenous colon, or severe disease.

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Cocaine colitis

Cited by 42 publications

References 3 publications

Does the Route of Cocaine Use Affect the Mortality and Outcomes of Cocaine-Induced Intestinal Ischemia? A Systematic Review

Does the Route of Cocaine Use Affect the Mortality and Outcomes of Cocaine-Induced Intestinal Ischemia? A Systematic Review

Pseudomembranous colitis

Pseudomembranous colitis

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