Cocaine effects on generation of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage: formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in active abusers

Bacchi, Simona; Palumbo, Paola; Carlo, Massimo Di; Coppolino, Maria Francesca

doi:10.14419/ijpt.v4i2.5970

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, ROS and OS are believed to play a critical role in smoking dependence and addiction (Kovacic & Cooksy, 2005a; Vargas et al, 2013). In addition, they are implicated in morphine addiction (Ma et al, 2015), methamphetamine addiction (Jang et al, 2017), alcohol addiction, (Kovacic & Cooksy, 2005b), cocaine addiction (Bacchi, Palumbo, Di Carlo, & Coppolino, 2016; Beiser & Yaka, 2019; Jang et al, 2015; Kovacic, 2005), and other abused drugs (Kovacic & Cooksy, 2005c). Indeed, drugs of abuse can provoke epigenetic changes which contribute to addiction via DNA methylation, a process regulated by cellular redox status (Trivedi & Deth, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the potential harmful effects of E‐Cigarettes (EC) on the developing brain: The relationship between vaping‐induced oxidative stress and adolescent/young adults social maladjustment.

Tobore

2019

Journal of Adolescence

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Introduction: Evidence suggests that in convenience stores across the United States (U.S), sales of e-cigarettes (EC) continue to grow, indicating their rising popularity. ECs have been touted as a means for traditional cigarette (TC) smokers to quit smoking. However, the dramatic increase in the number of adolescents and young adults using e-cigarettes (vaping) in America is a cause for concern as their long-term effects remain unknown. Methods: Search was done by accessing PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, and PsycINFO databases. The search string used was "(Cigarettes OR E-Cigarettes* OR Vaping) AND (Oxidative Stress* OR Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)) AND (Adolescents OR Teens OR Young Adults)". The electronic databases were searched for titles or abstracts containing these terms in all published articles between January 1, 1970, and June 30, 2019. Over 3000 articles were found in the first round of search which was filtered to 129 articles. Results: Oxidative Stress is a critical underlying molecular factor that drives the harmful effects of traditional cigarettes. The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of oxidative stress and e-cigarettes just like traditional cigarettes induces oxidative stress. Many ecigarette components including the flavoring, vapor, e-liquids and metallic coil, trigger oxidative stress, indicating that both nicotine and non-nicotine e-cigarette use may be harmful.Conclusions: E-cigarettes use could potentially play a role in adolescent/young adults social maladjustments including poor learning and academic performance, increased aggressive and impulsive behavior, poor sleep quality, attention deficits, impaired memory, and cognition, and increased depression and suicidal ideation. The government, parents, school authorities and clinicians should be advised on these potentially harmful effects.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the potential harmful effects of E‐Cigarettes (EC) on the developing brain: The relationship between vaping‐induced oxidative stress and adolescent/young adults social maladjustment.

Tobore

2019

Journal of Adolescence

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“…The formation of 8 OHdG occurs due to the oxidation of the nitrogenous guanine base, with the addition of HO• in the 8-position carbon, giving rise to a DNA adduct, C8-hydroxy-guanine (8 OHGua). After this process, this molecule ends up losing electrons, giving rise to 8 OHdG (20). Our results demonstrated that immunoexpression for 8 OHdG increased in the group exposed to crack cocaine at 18 mg/kg only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Inhibition of Toll Like Signaling Pathway Is Associated With Genomic Instability in Rat Liver Exposed to Crack Cocaine

Souza

Rosario

Mennitti

et al. 2021

In Vivo

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Background/Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological effects of subacute crack cocaine exposure in rat liver. Material and Methods: A total of 32 rats were distributed into four groups (n=8): Experimental group 1 (G1) and Experimental group 2 (G2): rats received 18 mg/kg of body weight (b.w) of crack cocaine for 5 days, once a day, group G2 remained 72 h without exposure after the experimental period (5 days)(abstinence); Experimental group 3 (G3): rats received 36 mg/kg of body weight (b.w) of crack cocaine for 5 days, once a day; Control Group (CTRL): rats received only the vehicle (DMSO) administered by the intraperitoneal (i.p) route for 5 days, once a day. Results: All groups exposed to crack cocaine had an increase in the number of micronucleated hepatocytes and binucleated cells only in the highest tested dose (36 mg/kg). Karyolysis had an increase in the 18 mg/kg dose, in the abstinence group (G2), and 36 mg/kg group (G3); whereas pyknotic nuclei had an increase in the G2 group. The group exposed to 18 mg/kg of crack cocaine also showed high 8 OHdG expression. The p-NF-ĸB p65 protein decreased in the groups exposed to crack cocaine at doses of 18 and 36 mg/kg, as well as in the abstinence group. MyD88 was also found decreased in the group exposed to crack cocaine at 18 mg/kg. Conclusion: Crack cocaine inhibited toll like signaling pathway whilst being associated with genomic instability in rat liver cells.

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Drugs of abuse from a different toxicological perspective: an updated review of cocaine genotoxicity

Oliveira

Dinis-Oliveira

2018

Arch Toxicol

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Cocaine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances and has been recognized as a major public health concern for many years. While several aspects of the toxicology of cocaine have been thoroughly described in the literature, namely its effects on different target organs, other toxicological features should not be disregarded. In this perspective, the in vitro and in vivo genotoxic effects of cocaine, along with the genotoxicity data from human exposure, especially in the context of "crack" smoking, were reviewed. Some concerns regarding (1) the chronic abuse and forms of cocaine, (2) the role of metabolism and (3) the mode of action of cocaine were discussed. The major limitations of the experimental and human studies available were also addressed and some research gaps in this field identified. Overall, although the genotoxicity of cocaine is still a matter of discussion, this psychoactive substance exhibits a genotoxic potential that should be further considered.

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Cocaine effects on generation of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage: formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in active abusers

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

On the potential harmful effects of E‐Cigarettes (EC) on the developing brain: The relationship between vaping‐induced oxidative stress and adolescent/young adults social maladjustment.

On the potential harmful effects of E‐Cigarettes (EC) on the developing brain: The relationship between vaping‐induced oxidative stress and adolescent/young adults social maladjustment.

Inhibition of Toll Like Signaling Pathway Is Associated With Genomic Instability in Rat Liver Exposed to Crack Cocaine

Drugs of abuse from a different toxicological perspective: an updated review of cocaine genotoxicity

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