Cocaine Enhances the Changes in Extracellular Dopamine in Nucleus Accumbens Associated with Reinforcing Stimuli: A High‐speed Chronoamperometric Study in Freely Moving Rats

Kiyatkin, Eugene A.

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00495.x

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The discrepancies in magnitude and time course measures of DA efflux may be related to differences in the extracellular pool sampled by stearate‐graphite paste electrodes, and, in particular, may reflect a drainage effect of microdialysis and its impact on steady‐state concentrations of neurochemicals in the surrounding extracellular compartment (Blaha 1996). Although this explanation remains speculative, other in vivo electrochemical studies observed a pattern of results similar to those reported here (Kiyatkin 1993; Kiyatkin et al . 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The relation between dopamine oxidation currents in the nucleus accumbens and conditioned increases in motor activity in rats following repeated administration of d‐amphetamine or cocaine

Ciano

Blaha

Phillips

1998

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Chronoamperometric recording techniques were used to monitor extracellular dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens associated with unconditioned and conditioned increases in motor activity in rats, following the intravenous administration of either d-amphetamine (0.63 mg/kg) or cocaine (3 mg/kg), or the presentation of a conditioned stimulus paired repeatedly with one of these psychostimulants. Each drug was administered daily for 7 days, either in the home cage or an environment in which a compound stimulus (light offset, odour) was presented. Rats in control groups received saline instead of drug in the distinctive test environment. On day 7 of training, significant increases in unconditioned motor activity were observed in the 30 min session following infusions of either d-amphetamine or cocaine. Associated dopamine oxidation currents in the nucleus accumbens increased immediately following administration of either drug and remained significantly elevated above baseline during the entire 30 min recording period. On the test day, presentation of the conditioned stimulus with vehicle infusions, in the distinct environment, was accompanied by an increase in dopamine oxidation currents and a conditioned increase in motor activity, only in the groups in which these stimuli had been paired with d-amphetamine or cocaine. Neither the magnitude or duration of the conditioned motor activity matched the corresponding change in extracellular dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens. Accordingly, it is argued that the increase in dopamine concentration serves as a neurochemical correlate of the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli. The change in motor activity constitutes the unconditioned and conditioned responses that are subserved by the neural systems activated by the initial rise in extracellular dopamine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The relation between dopamine oxidation currents in the nucleus accumbens and conditioned increases in motor activity in rats following repeated administration of d‐amphetamine or cocaine

Ciano

Blaha

Phillips

1998

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…Cocaine binds to the dopamine transporter (Eshleman et al, 1995;Giros et al, 1996;Kilty et al, 1991;Ritz et al, 1990;Shimada et al, 1991), thereby inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine by presynaptic terminals (Komiskey et al, 1977;Taylor and Ho, 1978). The resulting increases in synaptic levels of dopamine (Hurd and Ungerstedt, 1989;Jones et al, 1995;Kalivas and Duffy, 1990;Kiyatkin, 1993;Maisonneuve and Kreek, 1994;Justice, 1989, 1991;Pettit et al, 1990;Woodward et al, 1995) intensify and prolong the effects of dopamine at its receptors. These receptors can be divided into two pharmacologically distinct families, D 1 -and D 2 -like, both of which are present on components of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine systems, including dopamine-containing ventral midbrain neurons and their targets in the forebrain, most abundantly the neurons of the dorsal and ventral striatum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cocaine self-administration on dopamine D2 receptors in rhesus monkeys

Moore

Vinsant

Nader

et al. 1998

Synapse

122

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The present study used autoradiography to examine the effects of chronic self-administration of cocaine on the density of dopamine D2 receptors in nonhuman primates. Three rhesus monkeys intravenously self-administered an average of 1.35 mg/kg cocaine per day for 18-22 months until they were euthanized immediately after a self-administration session. Binding site density of the D2 ligand [3H]raclopride (2 nM) was assessed in these monkeys as well as three untreated controls, using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography. As compared to untreated controls, D2 binding site density was significantly lower in the animals that self-administered cocaine in all regions of the striatum rostral to the anterior commissure. These regions include the anterior and central regions of the caudate nucleus, putamen, olfactory tubercle, and both the shell and core of the nucleus accumbens. Within the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, by contrast, no differences were found in the density of D2 binding sites. These findings suggest a pervasive effect of cocaine on the regulation of D2 receptors in the striatum. The lack of change within the ventral midbrain, however, suggests a differential regulation of D2 receptors in the striatum and ventral midbrain. This study confirms and extends our knowledge of the neurobiological changes in the mesolimbic dopamine system that result from chronic exposure to cocaine.

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“…Drug craving can also develop after a 'priming dose' of the same or a different drug of abuse (drug 'prime') (Stewart, 1983;Jaffe et al, 1989) or as a consequence of exposure to stimuli previously associated with consumption of the drug of abuse ('cue-induced craving') (Childress et al, 1988;Ehrman et al, 1992). In these conditions, extracellular DA is increased in the limbic areas of the central nervous system (Fontana et al, 1993;Kiyatkin, 1993;Di Ciano et al, 1998;Ito et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Response to Drug-Associated Stimuli in Rats: Involvement of D3 and D2 Dopamine Receptors

Cervo

Carnovali

Stark

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

108

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Previous studies employed a second-order schedule paradigm maintained by cocaine reinforcement to show that BP897, a dopamine D 3 partial agonist, selectively modulated drug-seeking behavior. We investigated its effect on drug-seeking behavior induced by presentation of stimuli associated with and predictive of cocaine availability after a period of extinction and in the absence of any further cocaine. Male rats were trained to associate discriminative stimuli (S D ) with the availability of intravenous (i.v.) 0.25 mg/0.1 ml/infusion cocaine (S D+ ) or no-reward (S DÀ ) saline solution. Each infusion of cocaine or saline was followed by a response-cue signaling 20-s time-out (TO). After meeting the self-administration training criterion rats were placed on extinction conditions during which i.v. solutions and S D s were withheld. Every other 3 days on which rats met the extinction criterion, reinstatement tests were conducted, presenting the S D+ or S DÀ noncontingently together with a contingent presentation of cocaine-or saline-cues signaling 20-s TO. Regardless of the order of presentation or the nature of the stimuli (auditory or visual), cocaine-associated but not saline-associated stimuli reinstated responding on the previously active lever. Presentation of cocaine-associated stimuli induced lasting drug-seeking behavior for at least eight test sessions. BP897 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) significantly attenuated this behavior. Since it has been reported that BP897 can interact with a panel of different receptors with high affinity, we evaluated the effects of 7-OH-DPAT, an agonist to D 3 receptors, raclopride, a preferential antagonist to D 2 receptors, and WAY 100,635, an antagonist at 5-HT 1A receptors, on drug-seeking behavior. 7-OH-DPAT (0.1-3.0 mg/kg i.p.) had biphasic effects on reinstatement induced by the cocaine-associated cues, low dosages reducing and high dosages increasing the impact of cocaine-associated stimuli on rats' behavior. Raclopride (0.1, 0.3 mg/kg s.c.) completely prevented drug-seeking behavior induced by the reintroduction of cocaine-associated stimuli. WAY 100,635 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg s.c.) had no effect on this behavior. These results, while confirming that the partial agonist at the D 3 receptors, BP897, might be a useful medication, also suggest a role of D 2 receptors in cueinduced cocaine-seeking behavior.

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Cocaine Enhances the Changes in Extracellular Dopamine in Nucleus Accumbens Associated with Reinforcing Stimuli: A High‐speed Chronoamperometric Study in Freely Moving Rats

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

The relation between dopamine oxidation currents in the nucleus accumbens and conditioned increases in motor activity in rats following repeated administration of d‐amphetamine or cocaine

The relation between dopamine oxidation currents in the nucleus accumbens and conditioned increases in motor activity in rats following repeated administration of d‐amphetamine or cocaine

Effect of cocaine self-administration on dopamine D2 receptors in rhesus monkeys

Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Response to Drug-Associated Stimuli in Rats: Involvement of D3 and D2 Dopamine Receptors

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