Cocaine-induced reinstatement in rats: evidence for a critical role of cocaine stimulus properties

Keiflin, Ronald; Isingrini, Elsa; Cador, Martine

doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1083-1

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…15 For example, incentive sensitization occurs in a subset of susceptible individuals 18 and repeated intake of high energy density snack food results in an increase in food reinforcement in obese, but not in non-obese adults. 12,13 In addition, incentive sensitization is often dependent on dose and pattern of stimulus administration 19,20 and we have demonstrated that the increase in food reinforcement that we have observed is 'dose dependent' in that it does not occur for food portions of 100 kcal, but does occur when portion sizes are increased to 300 kcal. 13 Incentive sensitization will occur for some stimuli or under particular circumstances, but not others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Sensitization of food reinforcement is related to weight status and baseline food reinforcement

Temple

Epstein

2011

Int J Obes

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BACKGROUND: Food reinforcement is an empirical index of motivation to obtain food. Higher levels of food reinforcement are associated with increased energy intake and increased body weight. Food reinforcement can vary over repeated food presentations, as people may show reduced reinforcing value if they satiate to repeated reinforcers, or they may show sensitization, or an increase in reinforcing value with repeated presentations. Over the past few years, our laboratory has been studying the impact of repeated administration of large portions of high energy density snack foods on food reinforcement. We have shown in three separate studies that the majority of non-obese individuals become satiated after 2 weeks of the same snack food administration, but that a subset of obese individuals sensitize after this same manipulation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study presented here was to identify predictors of reinforcer satiation or sensitization. SUBJECTS: For the analyses presented here, we combined data sets from three previous studies for a total of 67 adult participants. RESULTS: We found that higher body mass index (BMI) and higher baseline motivation to eat predicted sensitization, and baseline motivation to eat moderated the effects of BMI, such that higher baseline responding for food predicted sensitization in obese individuals, but satiation in non-obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that repeated exposure to high energy density snack foods may result in sensitization to those foods, with similar effects as drugs of abuse in susceptible individuals, and that an individual's BMI and baseline responding act as predictors of this response. Keywords: sensitization; food reinforcement; energy intake; motivation; satiation INTRODUCTIONFood is a primary reinforcer that motivates behavior in the absence of learning or conditioning. Reinforcing value of food is determined by how much effort someone will engage in to gain access to food, with the magnitude of food reinforcement proportional to the amount of work performed. 1 Food reinforcement is a predictor of energy intake, with individuals who find food more reinforcing consuming more food than those who find food less reinforcing. 2,3 In addition, obese individuals find food more reinforcing than non-obese individuals. 4,5 Although food reinforcement is a relatively stable trait, it can be modified depending on the context or types of foods that are used. Food deprivation and food variety reliably increase the reinforcing value of food 6 --9 and high-fat, palatable foods are more reinforcing than healthier, low-fat alternatives. 10,11 Our laboratory has demonstrated that repeated exposure to highly palatable food increases food reinforcement in obese individuals, but decreases it in non-obese individuals. 12 --14 One mechanism for the increase in reinforcing value of food in obese individuals is incentive sensitization, which is the process by which repeated exposure to a reinforcer increases motivation to access that reinforcer. Incentive sensit...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Sensitization of food reinforcement is related to weight status and baseline food reinforcement

Temple

Epstein

2011

Int J Obes

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“…In addition, the possibility remains that sensitization is one factor in reinstatement. In this regard, a recent report suggests that interoceptive stimuli of cocaine can acquire discriminative stimulus properties that would thereby facilitate reinstated drug seeking (Keiflin et al, 2008). When examining the discrepancies in the literature, it should be noted that sensitization of incentive motivation, not locomotion, is important to addiction (Robinson and Berridge, 2008).…”

Section: Behavioral Relationships Between Sensitization and Relapsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, sensitization is likely to play a role in reinstatement in the early stages of substance abuse. With more prolonged drug exposure, regardless of whether the shortor long-access paradigm is used, other factors, such as the interoceptive stimuli of cocaine becoming discriminative stimuli, could facilitate reinstatement behavior above and beyond that produced by sensitization (Keiflin et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Role Of Sensitization In Relapse To Drugseeking Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Wanting: Behavioral Sensitization and Relapse to Drug-Seeking Behavior

Steketee

Kalivas

2011

Pharmacological Reviews

600

455

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“…Cocaine increases DA reuptake inhibition and DA release at the synapse in mesolimbic and nigrostriatal brain reward centers, thereby inducing a feeling of "joie de vivre". Cocaine enhances brain reward by pharmacologic sensitization, i.e., repeated use causes enhanced reward in part, via adenosine inhibitors (5,6). Nonetheless, cocaine produces neuroadaptive withdrawal symptoms and hypertension (4,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laurate Biosensors Image Brain Neurotransmitters In Vivo: Can an Antihypertensive Medication Alter Psychostimulant Behavior?

Broderick

Wat

et al. 2008

Sensors

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Neuromolecular Imaging (NMI) with novel biosensors enables the selective detection of neurotransmitters in vivo within seconds, on line and in real time. Biosensors remain in place for continuing studies over a period of months. This biotechnological advance is based on conventional electrochemistry; the biosensors detect neurotransmitters by electron transfer. Simply stated, biosensors adsorb electrons from each neurotransmitter at specific oxidation potentials; the current derived from electron transfer is proportional to neurotransmitter concentration. Selective electron transfer properties of these biosensors permit the imaging of neurotransmitters, metabolites and precursors.

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Cocaine-induced reinstatement in rats: evidence for a critical role of cocaine stimulus properties

Abstract: When present during operant conditioning, the stimulus "cocaine" acquires conditioned properties which can then promote reinstatement of the extinguished behavior.

Cited by 21 publications

References 59 publications

Sensitization of food reinforcement is related to weight status and baseline food reinforcement

Sensitization of food reinforcement is related to weight status and baseline food reinforcement

Drug Wanting: Behavioral Sensitization and Relapse to Drug-Seeking Behavior

Laurate Biosensors Image Brain Neurotransmitters In Vivo: Can an Antihypertensive Medication Alter Psychostimulant Behavior?

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