Cocaine Reward and Cocaine Craving: The Role of Dopamine in Perspective

Ra, Wise

doi:10.1037/e495842006-011

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…It can further be used to document increases or decreases in the reward value of natural reinforcers, such as food, or the access to novel objects after experimental manipulations, which are assumed to affect the function of the brain's reward system (Bevins & Bardo, 1999; Bardo & Bevins, 2000). The nigrostriatal‐ and mesolimbic DA systems are thought to be crucial parts of the brain's reward/reinforcement system (Fibiger & Phillips, 1988; Wise, 1994). It has been shown that the acquisition and the expression of a place‐preference conditioned by the access to novel objects can be blocked by the administration of DA receptor 1 (D1) or D2/D3 antagonists (Besheer et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The histamine H1‐receptor mediates the motivational effects of novelty

Zlomuzica

Viggiano

Silva

et al. 2008

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Novelty-induced arousal has motivational effects and can reinforce behavior. The mechanisms by which novelty acts as a reinforcer are unknown. Novelty-induced arousal can be either rewarding or aversive dependent on its intensity and the preceding state of arousal. The brain's histamine system has been implicated in both arousal and reinforcement. Histamine and histamine-1-receptor (H1R) agonists induced arousal and wakefulness in humans and rodents, e.g. by stimulating cortical acetylcholine (ACh) release. The H1R has also been implicated in processes of brain reward via interactions with the nigrostriatal- and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) systems. We asked whether the motivational effects of novelty-induced arousal are compromised in H1R knockout (KO) mice. The H1R-KO mice failed to develop a conditioned place-preference induced by novel objects. Even though they still explore novel objects, their reinforcing value is diminished. Furthermore, they showed impaired novelty-induced alternation in the Y-maze. Rearing activity and emotional behavior in a novel environment was also altered in H1R-KO mice, whereas object-place recognition was unaffected. The H1R-KO mice had higher ACh concentrations in the frontal cortex and amygdala (AMY). In the latter, the H1R-KO mice had also increased levels of DA, but a lower dihydrophenylacetic acid/DA ratio. Furthermore, the H1R-KO mice had also increased tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the basolateral anterior, basolateral ventral and cortical AMY nuclei. We conclude that the motivational effects of novelty are diminished in H1R-KO mice, possibly due to reduced novelty-induced arousal and/or a dysfunctional brain reward system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The histamine H1‐receptor mediates the motivational effects of novelty

Zlomuzica

Viggiano

Silva

et al. 2008

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…Using complementary approaches, the work of the Di Chiara group (Di Chiara and Imperato 1988), the Concordia group (Wise 1978, 1984, 1987; Kalivas and Stewart 1991; Wise 1994), and of the Koob and Le Moal groups (Le Moal et al 1979; Koob et al 1989) are fundamental in proving this concept. Later on, the dopamine-activated downstream intracellular signals, such as adenylate cyclase (Self and Nestler 1995), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (Valjent et al 2004) have been discovered and characterized.…”

Section: Section 3: Psychobiological Basis Of Transition To Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multistep general theory of transition to addiction

2013

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BackgroundSeveral theories propose alternative explanations for drug addiction.ObjectivesWe propose a general theory of transition to addiction that synthesizes knowledge generated in the field of addiction into a unitary explanatory frame.Major principles of the theoryTransition to addiction results from a sequential three-step interaction between: (1) individual vulnerability; (2) degree/amount of drug exposure. The first step, sporadic recreational drug use is a learning process mediated by overactivation of neurobiological substrates of natural rewards that allows most individuals to perceive drugs as highly rewarding stimuli. The second, intensified, sustained, escalated drug use occurs in some vulnerable individuals who have a hyperactive dopaminergic system and impaired prefrontal cortex function. Sustained and prolonged drug use induces incentive sensitization and an allostatic state that makes drugs strongly wanted and needed. Habit formation can also contribute to stabilizing sustained drug use. The last step, loss of control of drug intake and full addiction, is due to a second vulnerable phenotype. This loss-of-control-prone phenotype is triggered by long-term drug exposure and characterized by long-lasting loss of synaptic plasticity in reward areas in the brain that induce a form of behavioral crystallization resulting in loss of control of drug intake. Because of behavioral crystallization, drugs are now not only wanted and needed but also pathologically mourned when absent.ConclusionsThis general theory demonstrates that drug addiction is a true psychiatric disease caused by a three-step interaction between vulnerable individuals and amount/duration of drug exposure.

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“…In addition to a tonic mode of activity, dopaminergic neurons have phasic responses to rewards and reward-predicting stimuli (ibid.). Many addictive drugs of abuse have direct effects on dopamine levels or signaling (Wise, 1994 ). Phasic dopamine activations encode the uncertainty in reward relative the prediction of reward: the “reward prediction error” (Schultz et al, 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromodulation of Prefrontal Cortex in Non-Human Primates by Dopaminergic Receptors during Rule-Guided Flexible Behavior and Cognitive Control

Vijayraghavan

Major

Everling

2017

Front. Neural Circuits

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The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is indispensable for several higher-order cognitive and executive capacities of primates, including representation of salient stimuli in working memory (WM), maintenance of cognitive task set, inhibition of inappropriate responses and rule-guided flexible behavior. PFC networks are subject to robust neuromodulation from ascending catecholaminergic systems. Disruption of these systems in PFC has been implicated in cognitive deficits associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Over the past four decades, a considerable body of work has examined the influence of dopamine on macaque PFC activity representing spatial WM. There has also been burgeoning interest in neuromodulation of PFC circuits involved in other cognitive functions of PFC, including representation of rules to guide flexible behavior. Here, we review recent neuropharmacological investigations conducted in our laboratory and others of the role of PFC dopamine receptors in regulating rule-guided behavior in non-human primates. Employing iontophoresis, we examined the effects of local manipulation of dopaminergic subtypes on neuronal activity during performance of rule-guided pro- and antisaccades, an experimental paradigm sensitive to PFC integrity, wherein deficits in performance are reliably observed in many neuropsychiatric disorders. We found dissociable effects of dopamine receptors on neuronal activity for rule representation and oculomotor responses and discuss these findings in the context of prior studies that have examined the role of dopamine in spatial delayed response tasks, attention, target selection, abstract rules, visuomotor learning and reward. The findings we describe here highlight the common features, as well as heterogeneity and context dependence of dopaminergic neuromodulation in regulating the efficacy of cognitive functions of PFC in health and disease.

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Cocaine Reward and Cocaine Craving: The Role of Dopamine in Perspective

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

The histamine H1‐receptor mediates the motivational effects of novelty

The histamine H1‐receptor mediates the motivational effects of novelty

A multistep general theory of transition to addiction

Neuromodulation of Prefrontal Cortex in Non-Human Primates by Dopaminergic Receptors during Rule-Guided Flexible Behavior and Cognitive Control

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