Cocaine Use and Hypertensive Renal Changes in HIV-Infected Individuals

Fine, Derek M.; Garg, Neha; Haas, Mark; Rahman, Mostafizur; Lucas, Gregory M.; Scheel, Paul J.; Atta, Mohamed G.

doi:10.2215/cjn.02450607

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In contrast, cocaine clearly causes deleterious effects on the kidney and can lead to AKI both from rhabdomyolysis and malignant hypertension. 19,20 This study further supports the existence of an association between cocaine use and AKI among persons with HIV/HCV coinfection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Incidence and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in an Urban Cohort of Subjects with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection

Garg

Hoenig

Edwards

et al. 2011

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Coinfection with hepatitis C (HCV) significantly increases the risk of acute and chronic renal disease in HIVinfected individuals. However, the burden of acute kidney injury (AKI) directly attributable to HIV among HCV-infected individuals and associated risk factors are not well understood. Within a prospective cohort, AKI episodes were identified by a rise in creatinine of 0.5 mg/dL. Incidence of first AKI events was calculated for HIV/HCV coinfected versus HCV monoinfected subjects, and multivariable analyses using Cox proportional hazards were performed to identify predictors of AKI. Throughout the study period, 35% HIV/HCV coinfected and 17% HCV monoinfected subjects developed AKI, with incidence of 8. (HR 2.06 [1.15, 3.71]) were independently associated with AKI. HCV genotype, HCV viral load, hazardous drinking, and heroin use were not associated with AKI. Study limitations included potential misclassification bias of HCV-infected individuals as serial HIV antibody testing was not routinely performed after study entry, and inability to adjust for tenofovir use in multivariable analysis. In conclusion, among subjects with HCV infection, decompensated cirrhosis, HIV coinfection, and cocaine use are associated with increased risk of AKI. These findings highlight the importance of preventing and treating cirrhosis, controlling HIV coinfection, and reducing cocaine use in HIV/HCV coinfected persons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Incidence and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in an Urban Cohort of Subjects with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection

Garg

Hoenig

Edwards

et al. 2011

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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“…Likewise, crystal methamphetamine use among HIV-positive individuals has been found to be associated with decreased CD4 cell counts or nonsuppression of HIV viral load (Fairbairn et al, 2011;King et al, 2009;Toussi et al, 2009), neurode-generation or memory impairment (Scott et al, 2007), and resistance to antiretroviral medications (Cachay et al, 2007;Colfax et al, 2007). Cocaine or crack-cocaine use among HIV-positive individuals has been found to be associated with decreased CD4 cell counts or nonsuppression of HIV viral load (Arnsten et al, 2002;Baum et al, 2009;Rafi e et al, 2011), increases in hypertensive renal changes (Fine et al, 2007), and coronary stenosis (Lai et al, 2008).…”

Section: H IV Continues To Disproportionately Affect Men Who Have Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Behaviors Among HIV-Positive Gay and Bisexual Men at Party-Oriented Vacations

Fisher

Ramchand

Bana

et al. 2013

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: This study examined substance use (intended and actual), unprotected sex, and HIV disclosure practices (disclosure and questioning) among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) at two party-oriented vacations, where substance use and sexual risk may be heightened. Method: A random sample of 489 MSM attending one of two party-oriented vacations participated in PartyIntents, a short-term longitudinal survey. Nearly half (47%) completed a follow-up assessment at the event or online for up to 2 weeks after the event. We examined rates of baseline intentions to use substances, actual substance use, and unprotected intercourse among HIV-positive men in attendance. Rates among HIV-negative men were estimated for comparison. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the impact of illegal drug use and HIV status on unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). Results: HIV-positive attendees (17%) were signifi cantly more likely than HIV-negative attendees to use nitrite inhalants (or "poppers") (24.3% vs. 10.7%). HIVpositive attendees were also signifi cantly more likely to have insertive UAI (64.3% vs. 34.1%) and receptive UAI (68.8% vs. 22.2%). Multivariate models showed associations between HIV status and illegal drug use with UAI (for HIV status, odds ratio [OR] = 4.5, p = .001; for any illegal drug use, OR = 16.4, p < .001). There was no evidence that the infl uence of drug use moderated risk by HIV status. Rates of HIV disclosure and questioning did not differ by HIV status. Conclusions: HIV-positive men attending these events engaged in higher rates of illegal drug use and sexual risk than HIV-negative men. Prevention campaigns targeting MSM at high-risk events should include messages geared toward HIVpositive men. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 74, 158-167, 2013)

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“…The acute sympathomimetic effects of cocaine use, including myocardial infarction, are well characterized, 32 but evidence also suggests chronic irreversible vascular damage from cocaine use. 33, 34 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV, Cocaine Use, and Hepatitis C Virus

Lucas

Atta

Fine

et al. 2016

ATVB

Self Cite

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Objective We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of 3 non-traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors - human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cocaine use, and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection - with 3 validated markers of subclinical CVD: carotid artery plaque, albuminuria, and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) in a well-characterized cohort. Approach and Results We measured carotid plaque at baseline and after 24 months, urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) every 6 months, and PWV annually for up to 36 months in a predominantly African-American cohort of 292 participants (100 HIV-negative and 192 HIV-positive). Thirty-nine percent had chronic HCV infection, and 20%, 28%, and 52% were never, past, and current cocaine users, respectively. Sixteen percent, 47%, and 64% of those with none, 1 or 2, or all 3 non-traditional risk factors had ≥2 abnormal CVD risk markers (P=0.001). In fully adjusted models that included all 3 non-traditional risk factors, HIV infection was independently associated with carotid plaque progression (increase in the number of anatomic segments with plaque), albuminuria (ACR >30mg/g), albuminuria progression (doubling of ACR from baseline to a value >30mg/g), and PWV. Cocaine use was associated with an approximately 3-fold higher odds of carotid plaque at baseline and HCV infection was significantly associated with a higher risk of carotid plaque progression. Conclusions These results suggest that HIV infection, cocaine use, and HCV infection are important non-traditional risk factors for CVD and highlight the need to understand the distinct and overlapping mechanisms of the associations.

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Cocaine Use and Hypertensive Renal Changes in HIV-Infected Individuals

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Incidence and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in an Urban Cohort of Subjects with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection

Incidence and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in an Urban Cohort of Subjects with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection

Risk Behaviors Among HIV-Positive Gay and Bisexual Men at Party-Oriented Vacations

HIV, Cocaine Use, and Hepatitis C Virus

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