Cocaine Use and Withdrawal: The Effect on Sleep and Mood

Watson, Robert; Bakos, Linda; Compton, Peggy; Gawin, Frank H.

doi:10.3109/00952999209001608

Cited by 60 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus, the modulation of alpha frequency appears to be affected throughout the withdrawal period. In this respect, it is interesting that the phenomenon of electrophysiological rebound in cocaine withdrawal has been reported by Watson et al [8], in a study of sleep in 3 recreational cocaine users. Rebound of REM sleep, percentage, density and latency were reported after 2 days of abstinence.…”

Section: -Min Recording Period the Authors Suggested That This Incmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The results of this investigation are consistent with this view, in that injec tors exhibited more power in the beta band on day 2 than did smokers, and a greater change from day 2 to day 6 than did smokers. The relationship between these EEG changes and the greater cognitive impairment reported for intravenous users compared to smokers [8] is currently under investigation.…”

Section: -Min Recording Period the Authors Suggested That This Incmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantitative EEG Changes in Cocaine Withdrawal: Evidence for Long-Term CNS Effects

Noldy¹,

Santos²,

Politzer³

et al. 1994

Neuropsychobiology

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Quantitative EEG changes were studied during cocaine withdrawal in 36 subjects. All subjects had used cocaine orally (n = 28) or intravenously (n = 8) within 48 h of admission to an inpatient unit. EEGs were recorded 2 and 6 days following admission. Nine subjects returned for a 1-month follow-up EEG. Modal EEG frequency significantly decreased on day 6 compared to day 2. The most dramatic change in both absolute and relative power from day 2 to day 6 was a decrease in the beta2 (18–26 Hz) band. Those subjects who returned for the 4-week follow-up showed a further decrease in beta2 power. Power in the beta2 band was significantly greater for the intravenous users than for the smokers, and the decrease in power from day 2 to day 6 was also significantly greater in this group. While acute effects of cocaine on the EEG have been reported to last only several hours, this study indicates that chronic use may cause longer lasting neuroadaptive changes, particularly in those who have used cocaine intravenously.

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Section: -Min Recording Period the Authors Suggested That This Incmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: -Min Recording Period the Authors Suggested That This Incmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative EEG Changes in Cocaine Withdrawal: Evidence for Long-Term CNS Effects

Noldy¹,

Santos²,

Politzer³

et al. 1994

Neuropsychobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Psychological symptoms that occur after chronic use include somatic problems (Johanson et al 1999;Watson et al 1992), eating disorders (Ross-Durow and Boyd 2000), anxiety and depression (Beckwith et al 1999;Falck et al 2002). Associations between chronic cocaine use and conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (Crum and James 1993), paranoia (Espinosa et al 2001;Lejoyeux et al 2000), schizophrenia (Bowers et al 2001), and antisocial personality disorder (Falck et al 2004;Ladd and Nancy 2003) have also been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of prenatal cocaine use and childhood trauma with psychological symptoms over 6 years

Minnes

Singer

Kirchner

et al. 2008

Arch Womens Ment Health

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The use of cocaine and other drugs during pregnancy may have serious public health consequences. The objective of this study was to determine if the use of cocaine prenatally identifies women for ongoing risk of psychological symptoms. Four hundred and two women (207 cocaine using [C], 195 non-cocaine using [NC]) were assessed for rates of clinically elevated psychological symptoms shortly after childbirth, 6.5 months and 1, 2, 4 and 6 years after using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Generalized estimating equation modeling (GEE) was used to compare psychological symptom severity, controlling for confounding factors including early childhood trauma. Results indicated that women identified as having used cocaine during pregnancy had clinically elevated psychological distress (OR=1. who use cocaine during pregnancy should be recognized as at very high risk of ongoing clinically elevated psychological symptoms and should receive early and regular assessments and intervention for mental health and substance use problems.

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“…rug addiction is associated with disruptions in sleep and circadian rhythmicity (1)(2)(3). Moreover, in animal models of addiction, several reward-related behaviors exhibit clear circadian regulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of dopaminergic transmission and cocaine reward by the Clock gene

McClung

Sidiropoulou

Vitaterna

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

464

495

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Although there are clear interactions between circadian rhythms and drug addiction, mechanisms for such interactions remain unknown. Here we establish a role for the Clock gene in regulating the brain's reward circuit. Mice lacking a functional Clock gene display an increase in cocaine reward and in the excitability of dopamine neurons in the midbrain ventral tegmental area, a key brain reward region. These phenotypes are associated with increased expression and phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis), as well as changes in several genes known to regulate dopamine activity in the ventral tegmental area. These findings demonstrate the involvement of a circadian-associated gene, Clock, in regulating dopamine function and cocaine reward.circadian rhythms ͉ dopamine ͉ drug addiction ͉ tyrosine hydroxylase D rug addiction is associated with disruptions in sleep and circadian rhythmicity (1-3). Moreover, in animal models of addiction, several reward-related behaviors exhibit clear circadian regulation. For example, levels of drug self administration and drug-induced locomotor sensitization vary according to the day͞night cycle (4-6). These observations suggest interactions between the brain's circadian and reward systems.Although many of the genes involved in circadian rhythms are expressed outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain's master circadian pacemaker, and are found in limbic regions of the brain, little is known about their function in these other brain regions. The first indication that circadian-associated genes may be involved in drug-related behaviors came from studies in Drosophila, which showed that behavioral sensitization to cocaine depended on expression of Period, Clock, Cycle, and Doubletime (7). More recently, it was reported that locomotor sensitization and conditioned preference for cocaine are abnormal in mice lacking the Period-1 (mPer1) or Period-2 (mPer2) gene (6). These genes are induced as well by cocaine in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens, brain regions important for cocaine's behavioral effects (8, 9). Although these findings support a role for circadian-associated genes in behavioral responses to drugs of abuse, little is known about the mechanisms by which these genes function, or are regulated, within the brain's reward and motor circuits.Cocaine and other drugs of abuse produce their behavioral effects in part by modulating dopamine neurotransmission in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA), a key component of the brain's reward circuit (10). Several interactions between dopamine and circadian function have been reported. For example, dopamine neurons in the retina regulate adaptations to light (11). Moreover, dopamine D1 receptors in the prenatal SCN are necessary for synchronizing the master circadian clock during development (12). However, a direct link between circadian genes and the VTA dopamine reward system has not been described. CLOCK is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix-PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) transc...

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Cocaine Use and Withdrawal: The Effect on Sleep and Mood

Cited by 60 publications

References 5 publications

Quantitative EEG Changes in Cocaine Withdrawal: Evidence for Long-Term CNS Effects

Quantitative EEG Changes in Cocaine Withdrawal: Evidence for Long-Term CNS Effects

The association of prenatal cocaine use and childhood trauma with psychological symptoms over 6 years

Regulation of dopaminergic transmission and cocaine reward by the Clock gene

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