Cocaine Users Differ from Normals on Cognitive Tasks Which Show Poorer Performance During Drug Abstinence

Pace‐Schott, Edward F.; Morgan, Peter T.; Malison, Robert T.; Hart, Carl L.; Edgar, Chris J.; Walker, Matthew P.; Stickgold, Robert

doi:10.1080/00952990701764821

Cited by 79 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In relation to the indirect NE agonist atomoxetine, it is interesting to note that chronic cocaine self-administration has been shown to upregulate the NE transporter, which may result in less available NE under conditions where drug seeking is often expressed (Macey et al, 2003). Further this NE transporter upregulation may also manifest as some of the cognitive impairments that are apparent during early abstinence (Pace-Schott et al, 2008;Volkow et al, 2011), which can decrease the efficacy of cognitive-based treatment received during early abstinence. Accordingly, increasing NE activity, for example with atomoxetine, may ameliorate these cognitive deficits and improve the efficacy of cognitivebased therapy.…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound Stimulus Presentation and the Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Atomoxetine Enhance Long-Term Extinction of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior

Janak

Bowers²,

Corbit

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Drug abstinence is frequently compromised when addicted individuals are re-exposed to environmental stimuli previously associated with drug use. Research with human addicts and in animal models has demonstrated that extinction learning (non-reinforced cue-exposure) can reduce the capacity of such stimuli to induce relapse, yet extinction therapies have limited long-term success under real-world conditions (Bouton, 2002;O'Brien, 2008). We hypothesized that enhancing extinction would reduce the later ability of drugpredictive cues to precipitate drug-seeking behavior. We, therefore, tested whether compound stimulus presentation and pharmacological treatments that augment noradrenergic activity (atomoxetine; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) during extinction training would facilitate the extinction of drug-seeking behaviors, thus reducing relapse. Rats were trained that the presentation of a discrete cue signaled that a lever press response would result in cocaine reinforcement. Rats were subsequently extinguished and spontaneous recovery of drug-seeking behavior following presentation of previously drug-predictive cues was tested 4 weeks later. We find that compound stimulus presentations or pharmacologically increasing noradrenergic activity during extinction training results in less future recovery of responding, whereas propranolol treatment reduced the benefit seen with compound stimulus presentation. These data may have important implications for understanding the biological basis of extinction learning, as well as for improving the outcome of extinction-based therapies.

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Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound Stimulus Presentation and the Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Atomoxetine Enhance Long-Term Extinction of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior

Janak

Bowers²,

Corbit

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Recent studies suggest that this neuropsychiatric deficit persists after the cessation of abuse (Ward et al, 2006). In addition, cocaine, amphetamine, or opiate abusers also show cognitive impairment during long-term drug abstinence (Ersche et al, 2006;Pace-Schott et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonist Ameliorates Impairment of Recognition Memory on Withdrawal from MDMA (Ecstasy)

Nawata

Hiranita

Yamamoto

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

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( + /À)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'Ecstasy') abusers have persistent neuropsychiatric deficits including memory impairments after the cessation of abuse. On the other hand, cannabinoid CB 1 receptors have been implicated in learning/memory, and are highly expressed in the hippocampus, a region of the brain believed to have an important function in certain forms of learning and memory. In this study, we clarified the mechanism underlying the cognitive impairment that develops during MDMA withdrawal from the standpoint of the cannabinoid CB 1 receptors. Mice were administered MDMA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 7 days. On the 7th day of withdrawal, a novel object recognition task was performed and the amount of cannabinoid CB 1 receptor protein was measured with western blotting. Recognition performance was impaired on the 7th day of withdrawal. This impairment was blocked by AM251, a cannabinoid CB 1 receptor antagonist, administered 30 min before the training trial or co-administered with MDMA. At this time, the level of cannabinoid CB 1 receptor protein increased significantly in the hippocampus but not the prefrontal cortex or striatum. This increase of CB 1 receptor protein in the hippocampus was also blocked by the co-administration of AM251. Furthermore, CB 1 receptor knockout mice showed no impairment of recognition performance on the withdrawal from MDMA. The impairment of recognition memory during withdrawal from MDMA may result from the activation of cannabinoid CB 1 receptors in the hippocampus.

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“…In particular, the deficits in attentional subprocesses are reflected in the difficulties they present in maintaining sustained attention when the required tasks are boring or monotonous, when they have to select the relevant information to be addressed and the irrelevant must ignore, or when they have to be flexible and adapt their behavior to novel or changing situations. In this sense, numerous studies coincide to find that addicts present attention deficit, in comparison with their respective control groups [29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Profile of Women with Substance-Related Disorders under Treatment in a Drug Dependence Unit

Blanco¹,

Fernández²,

Martínez³

et al. 2017

JPCPY

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This study aims to describe the neuropsychological profile of a clinical sample of drug -dependent women to treatment in a drug dependency. A battery of neuropsychological evaluation was applied to an intentional sample composed of 25 drug-dependent women with subjective complaints of attention and / or memory, who were referred to the area of neuropsychology of the Drug Dependency Unit of the Concello de Vigo CEDRO (Galicia, Spain). The scores related to the cognitive / executive functioning of the sample are indicative of difficulties in visuospatial processing speed (M = 43.79, SD = 14.88) The use of psychoactive substances has been consistently associated with the presence of alterations in different neuropsychological processes: memory, attention or executive functions [4][5][6][7][8].Most studies carried out in the drug-dependent population are mostly or exclusively male [9], and few studies have analyzed gender differences, although this aspect is of great relevance for the knowledge of the different disorders, As expressed in the guidelines for the development of future diagnostic classifications.In the current 2013-2016 Action Plan, the importance of the gender focus for specific attention to drug-dependent women (National Plan on Drugs, 2013a) is highlighted on multiple occasions. These proposals reflect a need already demanded in theoretical and research papers that demonstrate the existence of differences between women and men in terms of drug use and their psychological intervention, often using a traditional nonspecific intervention model.Physiologically it is known that women tend to have a more rapid development of the symptoms associated with dependence, arriving at treatment with less years of consumption and with more severe symptoms and that the neurotoxic effects of Cocaine can cause more CNS damage in men than in women.The presence of dual pathology and the severity of psychiatric symptomatology make it difficult to treat drug dependence, which indicates the need to simultaneously detect and treat both disorders [10]. The mortality risk attributable to dual pathology has been found to be significantly higher in women than in men and that women appear to be more vulnerable to presenting psychotic symptoms faster than men.Taking into account epidemiological data in relation to consumption in Spain, the differences between men and women are becoming smaller, with only women emphasizing the consumption of psychoactive drugs.There is evidence of high variability in response to methadone treatment among patients indicating that they may have different treatment needs. Men and women in particular are known to differ in susceptibility to addiction and behavior, including the age of first use of opiates, progress to regular use and age of admission treatment. Men and women are also likely to differ in methadone treatment outcomes, although the differences are not clear in the literature. Therefore, current standards of treatment that offer

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Cocaine Users Differ from Normals on Cognitive Tasks Which Show Poorer Performance During Drug Abstinence

Cited by 79 publications

References 27 publications

Compound Stimulus Presentation and the Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Atomoxetine Enhance Long-Term Extinction of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior

Compound Stimulus Presentation and the Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Atomoxetine Enhance Long-Term Extinction of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior

A Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonist Ameliorates Impairment of Recognition Memory on Withdrawal from MDMA (Ecstasy)

Neuropsychological Profile of Women with Substance-Related Disorders under Treatment in a Drug Dependence Unit

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