Coccidiosis in hihi/stitchbirds (<i>Notiomystis cincta</i>) due to coccidia of the Eimeriidae

Schoener, ER; Alley, M.R.; Twentyman, C M; Howe, Laryssa; Barta, John R.; Charleston, W.A.G.; Castro, Isabel

doi:10.1080/00480169.2012.716361

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The genetic characterization of parasites provides insights into host-range, richness and diversification that may be crucial to understanding the limits of their transmission and cospeciation. Most of the coccidian parasites are obligate intracellular parasites and presumably many of them are either species or genus specific (Schrenzel et al, 2005;Schoener et al, 2013). However, despite such host-specificity there is a surprising lack of studies testing diversification and co-divergence between the coccidian and their hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a diverse group with potential to produce an epizootic in birds, with the occurrence of morbidity and mortality due to coccidiosis (e.g. Schoener et al, 2013). These protozoans can occur in intestinal and extra-intestinal forms, depending on the parasite life-cycle stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the sporulated oocysts have invaded the new host two new reproduction phases (asexual and sexual) occur to complete the coccidian life cycle (Friend & Franson, 1999). Remarkably, avian coccidia seem to be host-specific, with one or a few lineages per bird species (Schrenzel et al, 2005;Schoener et al, 2013). Despite such host-specificity, the study of genetic characterization, prevalence and biogeographical patterns in coccidian parasites remain under-investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unforeseen biogeographical patterns in a multiple parasite system in Macaronesia

Illera

Fernández-Álvarez

Hernández-Flores

et al. 2015

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Understanding the reasons why hosts lose, maintain or swap their parasite burden after colonizing new areas has long intrigued island biogeographers. Using molecular markers, we evaluated parasite biogeography of a multiple parasite system of Apicomplexa protozoans (haemosporidian and coccidian parasites) showing different modes of transmission in the spectacled warbler (Sylvia conspicillata), a small passerine with recently founded populations in Macaronesia.Location Twelve oceanic islands of three Macaronesian archipelagos (Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cape Verde) and two continental areas (the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco).Methods We amplified and sequenced fragments of the parasite mitochondrial genome (cytochrome b for haemosporidian and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for coccidian parasites) to determine the prevalence, richness, diversity and associations between groups of pathogens from the continental sources to the Macaronesian islands. We also built a haplotype network for the coccidian parasites to obtain insights on their evolutionary history. ResultsWe did not find a significant reduction in parasite diversity in the Macaronesian islands compared with the mainland. The prevalence was higher in Macaronesia for both parasite groups than on the mainland, although it was only significant for the haemosporidian parasites. The haplotype network revealed an unexpectedly strong differentiation in the coccidia, with a similar structure to the haplotype topology previously found in the host.Main conclusions Oceanic islands provide model systems for disentangling geographical origins, colonization pathways, and diversification of avian hosts through analysis of parasites. We show that analysis of coccidians, which closely track the evolutionary history of their avian hosts, may illuminate co-speciation processes in both groups. Our results show that coccidian populations in Macaronesia are highly structured but fail to provide support for the predicted impoverishment of parasite assemblages on islands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unforeseen biogeographical patterns in a multiple parasite system in Macaronesia

Illera

Fernández-Álvarez

Hernández-Flores

et al. 2015

Journal of Biogeography

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Genetic rescue attempt in a small, inbred population of a wild endangered passerine

Nichols,

Ewen,

Gottelli

et al. 2024

Biological Conservation

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Wildlife diseases in New Zealand: recent findings and future challenges

Alley

Gartrell

2018

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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Our knowledge of diseases in New Zealand wildlife has expanded rapidly in the last two decades. Much of this is due to a greater awareness of disease as a cause of mortality in some of our highly threatened species or as a limiting factor to the successful captive rearing of intensely managed species such as hihi (Notiomystis cincta), kiwi (Apteryx spp.) and kakapo (Strigops habroptilus). An important factor contributing to the increase of our knowledge has been the development of new diagnostic techniques in the fields of molecular biology and immunohistochemistry, particularly for the diagnosis and epidemiology of viral and protozoan diseases. Although New Zealand remains free of serious exotic viruses there has been much work on understanding the taxonomy and epidemiology of local strains of avipox virus and circoviruses. Bacterial diseases such as salmonellosis, erysipelas and tuberculosis have also been closely investigated in wildlife and opportunist mycotic infections such as aspergillosis remain a major problem in many species. Nutritional diseases such as hyperplastic goitre due to iodine deficiency and metabolic bone disease due to Ca:P imbalance have made significant impacts on some captive reared birds, while lead poisoning is a problem in some localities. The increasing use of wildlife translocations to avoid the extinction of threatened species has highlighted the need for improved methods to assess the disease risks inherent in these operations and other intensive conservation management strategies such as creching young animals. We have also become more aware of the likelihood of inbreeding suppression as populations of many species decrease or pass through a genetic bottleneck. Climate change and habitat loss, however, remain the greatest threats to biodiversity and wildlife health worldwide. Temperature changes will affect our wildlife habitats, alter the distribution of disease vectors and wildlife predators, or directly harm threatened species in vulnerable localities.

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Coccidiosis in hihi/stitchbirds (Notiomystis cincta) due to coccidia of the Eimeriidae

Abstract: Coccidiosis in hihi is a serious disease capable of causing mortalities in juvenile and adult birds in captive situations. Treatment and control of the disease will be difficult as the extraintestinal stages of the organism are likely to be refractile to oral treatment.

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Unforeseen biogeographical patterns in a multiple parasite system in Macaronesia

Unforeseen biogeographical patterns in a multiple parasite system in Macaronesia

Genetic rescue attempt in a small, inbred population of a wild endangered passerine

Wildlife diseases in New Zealand: recent findings and future challenges

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