Cochlear implant – state of the art

Lenarz, Thomas

doi:10.3205/cto000143

Cited by 55 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The collected information can be used to analyze fundamental neurological connections in healthy tissue − or to diagnose neurological diseases or neural dysfunctions. , The electrode contacts on such probes can moreover be used to directly stimulate neural tissue and thus elicit a specific neural response. Such stimulation is used, for example, in the treatment of neurological diseases such as epilepsy or Parkinson’s disease, − in brain machine interfaces, , or for the restoration of vision, , hearing, , grasping, , or walking. − Considering the enormous density and number of neurons in the brain (∼86 billion), it becomes obvious that specific communication with individual cells requires very small electrode contacts on a neural probe, preferably in the size range of the neurons themselves, or even with subcellular dimensions . In addition, neural implants are typically designed to be as small as possible in order to reduce the foreign body response after implantation, which poses additional size limitations to the electrode contacts on these probes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 The electrode contacts on such probes can moreover be used to directly stimulate neural tissue and thus elicit a specific neural response. Such stimulation is used, for example, in the treatment of neurological diseases such as epilepsy or Parkinson's disease, 6−8 in brain machine interfaces, 9,10 or for the restoration of vision, 11,12 hearing, 13,14 grasping, 15,16 or walking. 17 −19 Considering the enormous density and number of neurons in the brain (∼86 billion 20 ), it becomes obvious that specific communication with individual cells requires very small electrode contacts on a neural probe, preferably in the size range of the neurons themselves, or even with subcellular dimensions.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NanoPt—A Nanostructured Electrode Coating for Neural Recording and Microstimulation

Boehler

Vieira

Egert

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Bioelectronic devices, interfacing neural tissue for therapeutic, diagnostic, or rehabilitation purposes, rely on small electrode contacts in order to achieve highly sophisticated communication at the neural interface. Reliable recording and safe stimulation with small electrodes, however, are limited when conventional electrode metallizations are used, demanding the development of new materials to enable future progress within bioelectronics. In this study, we present a versatile process for the realization of nanostructured platinum (nanoPt) coatings with a high electrochemically active surface area, showing promising biocompatibility and providing low impedance, high charge injection capacity, and outstanding long-term stability both for recording and stimulation. The proposed electrochemical fabrication process offers exceptional control over the nanoPt deposition, allowing the realization of specific coating morphologies such as small grains, pyramids, or nanoflakes, and can moreover be scaled up to wafer level or batch fabrication under economic process conditions. The suitability of nanoPt as a coating for neural interfaces is here demonstrated, in vitro and in vivo, revealing superior stimulation performance under chronic conditions. Thus, nanoPt offers promising qualities as an advanced neural interface coating which moreover extends to the numerous application fields where a large (electro)chemically active surface area contributes to increased efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NanoPt—A Nanostructured Electrode Coating for Neural Recording and Microstimulation

Boehler

Vieira

Egert

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The last implant that is investigated is a cochlear implant. The lead of the cochlear implant has 12 electrodes, a diameter of 1.5 mm, and is 31 mm long 38 , 39 . The lead is insulated with a plastic material that has zero conductivity and a relative permittivity of 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perturbation approach for ultrafast calculation of RF field enhancements near medical implants in MRI

Stijnman

Steensma

Berg

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Patients with medical implants often are deprived of magnetic resonance imaging examination because of safety risks. One specific risk is the enhancement of the radiofrequency fields around the medical implant potentially resulting in significant tissue heating and damage. The assessment of this enhancement is a computationally demanding task, with simulations taking hours or days to converge. Conventionally the source of the radiofrequency fields, patient anatomy, and the medical implant are simulated concurrently. To alleviate the computational burden, we reformulate a fast simulation method that views the medical implant as a small perturbation of the simulation domain without the medical implant and calculates the radiofrequency fields associated with this perturbation. Previously, this method required an extensive offline stage where the result is intractable for large simulation domains. Currently, this offline stage is no longer required and the method is completely online. The proposed method results in comparable radiofrequency fields but is orders of magnitude faster compared to standard simulation technique; the finite-difference time-domain, the finite-sums, and the finite element methods. This acceleration could enable patient-specific and potentially online radiofrequency safety assessment.

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“…Since their development in the 1960s, cochlear implants (CI) have become the treatment of choice for patients with severe to complete sensorineural hearing loss ( Lenarz 2017 ). CI captures environmental sounds and transduces them into electrical signals, which are transferred through the skin to the implanted parts of the CI ( Roche and Hansen 2015 ; Carlson et al., 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for measuring pre-, intra-, and postoperative skin thickness for cochlear implants

et al. 2022

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Cochlear implant – state of the art

Cited by 55 publications

References 47 publications

NanoPt—A Nanostructured Electrode Coating for Neural Recording and Microstimulation

NanoPt—A Nanostructured Electrode Coating for Neural Recording and Microstimulation

A perturbation approach for ultrafast calculation of RF field enhancements near medical implants in MRI

Methods for measuring pre-, intra-, and postoperative skin thickness for cochlear implants

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