Cochlear morphology of Indonesian Homo erectus from Sangiran

Urciuoli, Alessandro; Kubat, Jülide; Schisanowski, Lisa; Schrenk, Friedemann; Zipfel, Bernhard; Tawane, Mirriam; Bam, Lunga; Alba, David M.; Kullmer, Ottmar

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103163

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Recent studies have examined the auditory canals and the middle and inner ear (e.g. Bouchneb & Crevecoeur, 2009 ; Coleman & Boyer, 2012 ; Conde‐Valverde et al, 2018 ; Martínez et al., 2013 ; Uhl et al, 2016 ; Urciuoli et al, 2022 ) as well as the pneumatic cavities of the temporal bone (e.g. Balzeau & Grimaud‐Hervé, 2006 ; Balzeau & Radovčić, 2008 ; Han et al, 2007 ; Riga et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Icex: Advances in the automatic extraction and volume calculation of cranial cavities

et al. 2023

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The use of non-destructive approaches for digital acquisition (e.g. computerised tomography-CT) allows detailed qualitative and quantitative study of internal structures of skeletal material. Here, we present a new R-based software tool, Icex, applicable to the study of the sizes and shapes of skeletal cavities and fossae in 3D digital images. Traditional methods of volume extraction involve the manual labelling (i.e. segmentation) of the areas of interest on each section of the image stack. This is time-consuming, error-prone and challenging to apply to complex cavities. Icex facilitates rapid quantification of such structures. We describe and detail its application to the isolation and calculation of volumes of various cranial cavities.The R tool is used here to automatically extract the orbital volumes, the paranasal sinuses, the nasal cavity and the upper oral volumes, based on the coordinates of 18 cranial anatomical points used to define their limits, from 3D cranial surface meshes obtained by segmenting CT scans. Icex includes an algorithm (Icv) for the calculation of volumes by defining a 3D convex hull of the extracted cavity. We demonstrate the use of Icex on an ontogenetic sample (0-19 years) of modern humans and on the fossil hominin crania Kabwe (Broken Hill) 1, Gibraltar (Forbes' Quarry) and Guattari 1. We also test the tool on three species of non-human primates. In the modern human subsample, Icex allowed us to perform a preliminary analysis on the absolute and relative expansion of cranial sinuses and pneumatisations during growth. The performance of Icex, applied to diverse crania, shows the potential for an extensive | 1173

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Icex: Advances in the automatic extraction and volume calculation of cranial cavities

et al. 2023

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“…However, the effect of inner ear morphology on the hearing capacities of a sample of mammals with a reduced size range, i.e., with a decreased influence of allometry, has yet to be explored. While several studies have explored the for-function interaction of the cochlea 15 – 19 , only a handful have applied three-dimensional shape analysis on the therian cochlea 20 , 21 . Even fewer studies correlated their results to differences in sound related variables, whether they were hearing related 22 or associated with vocalizations 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in cochlea shape reveal different evolutionary adaptations in primates and rodents

Rı́o

Taszus

Nowotny

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The presence of a coiled cochlea is a unique feature of the therian inner ear. While some aspects of the cochlea are already known to affect hearing capacities, the full extent of the relationships between the morphology and function of this organ are not yet understood—especially when the effect of body size differences between species is minimized. Here, focusing on Euarchontoglires, we explore cochlear morphology of 33 species of therian mammals with a restricted body size range. Using μCT scans, 3D models and 3D geometric morphometrics, we obtained shape information of the cochlea and used it to build phylogenetically corrected least square models with 12 hearing variables obtained from the literature. Our results reveal that different taxonomic groups differ significantly in cochlea shape. We further show that these shape differences are related to differences in hearing capacities between these groups, despite of similar cochlear lengths. Most strikingly, rodents with good low-frequency hearing display “tower-shaped” cochleae, achieved by increasing the degree of coiling of their cochlea. In contrast, primates present relatively wider cochleae and relative better high frequency hearing. These results suggest that primates and rodents increased their cochlea lengths through different morpho-evolutionary trajectories.

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“…The cochlea is the other element of the inner ear that has been studied in depth in the SH fossils. Conde‐Valverde, Martinez, et al (2019) developed a new measurement protocol for the cochlea, and this has subsequently been applied to other fossils (Urciuoli et al, 2022). The SH cochleae share some of their features with Pan troglodytes , while in other characters they are similar to the pattern present in H. sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis (Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ear of the Sima de los Huesos hominins (Atapuerca, Spain)

Conde-Valverde

Martı́nez

Quam

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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Previous studies on the morphology of the inner ear (semicircular canals and cochlea) in the Sima de los Huesos hominin sample have provided important results on the evolution of these structures in the Neandertal lineage. Similarly, studies of the anatomy of the external and middle ear cavities of the Sima de los Huesos hominins have also provided important data on the auditory capacities of this European Middle Pleistocene population. The present contribution provides unpublished data on three new middle ear variables from the Sima de los Huesos fossils and compares these data with values from samples of Pan troglodytes, Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. The results of this analysis are combined with those obtained in previous studies to characterize the anatomy of the outer, middle and inner ear in the Sima de los Huesos fossils, as well as to establish the order of appearance of the features that characterize Neandertal ears. As in other cranial structures, the ear region in the Sima de los Huesos show a mosaic evolutionary pattern that includes primitive traits, others shared exclusively with Neandertals, and others that are specific to the Sima de los Huesos hominins. Neandertals and Sima de los Huesos hominins share two exclusive features of the middle ear that are among the first characteristics of the Neandertal lineage: a long tympanic cavity and a large entrance and exit of the mastoid antrum. Along with these traits, the Sima de los Huesos hominins present two specialized features: large volumes of the tympanic cavity and the mastoid antrum. Finally, the middle ear of the Neandertals is characterized by the presence of small angles between the tympanic axis and the plane of the oval window.

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Cochlear morphology of Indonesian Homo erectus from Sangiran

Cited by 8 publications

References 74 publications

Icex: Advances in the automatic extraction and volume calculation of cranial cavities

Icex: Advances in the automatic extraction and volume calculation of cranial cavities

Variations in cochlea shape reveal different evolutionary adaptations in primates and rodents

The ear of the Sima de los Huesos hominins (Atapuerca, Spain)

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