Cochlear nonlinearity between 500 and 8000 Hz in listeners with normal hearing

Lopez‐Poveda, Enrique A.; Plack, Christopher J.; Meddis, Ray

doi:10.1121/1.1534838

Cited by 112 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…If the CWN reduced the postmechanical recovery rate in the apex, then this could account, at least in part, for the present findings. Compression in the apex likely extends to a broad range of frequencies Lopez-Poveda et al 2003) and so our control experiment may not be easily extended to the apex. In any case, the present model of forward masking incorporates the three assumptions in question (i.e., the temporal window was identical across all conditions) and still accounts for the observations very well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly true at low frequencies, where compression and hence active cochlear mechanisms occur for a comparatively broader range of stimulus frequencies than at high frequencies Lopez-Poveda et al 2003;Plack and Drga 2003). Here, a physiologically inspired, phenomenological computer model of forward masking with efferent control is used to explain the effects of contralateral stimulation on PTCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contralateral Efferent Reflex Effects on Threshold and Suprathreshold Psychoacoustical Tuning Curves at Low and High Frequencies

Aguilar

Eustaquio-Martín

Lopez‐Poveda

2013

JARO

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Medial olivocochlear efferent neurons can control cochlear frequency selectivity and may be activated in a reflexive manner by contralateral sounds. The present study investigated the significance of the contralateral medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) on human psychoacoustical tuning curves (PTCs), a behavioral correlate of cochlear tuning curves. PTCs were measured using forward masking in the presence and in the absence of a contralateral white noise, assumed to elicit the MOCR. To assess MOCR effects on apical and basal cochlear regions over a wide range of sound levels, PTCs were measured for probe frequencies of 500 Hz and 4 kHz and for near-and suprathreshold conditions. Results show that the contralateral noise affected the PTCs predominantly at 500 Hz. At near-threshold levels, its effect was obvious only for frequencies in the tails of the PTCs; at suprathreshold levels, its effects were obvious for all frequencies. It was verified that the effects were not due to the contralateral noise activating the middleear muscle reflex or changing the postmechanical rate of recovery from forward masking. A phenomenological computer model of forward masking with efferent control was used to explain the data. The model supports the hypothesis that the behavioral results were due to the contralateral noise reducing apical cochlear gain in a frequency-and level-dependent manner consistent with physiological evidence. Altogether, this shows that the contralateral MOCR may be changing apical cochlear responses in natural, binaural listening situations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contralateral Efferent Reflex Effects on Threshold and Suprathreshold Psychoacoustical Tuning Curves at Low and High Frequencies

Aguilar

Eustaquio-Martín

Lopez‐Poveda

2013

JARO

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“…This finding may be evidence for off-frequency nonlinearity in normalhearing listeners (Lopez-Poveda et al 2005;Rosengard et al 2005). Off-frequency nonlinearity may emerge from active basilar membrane mechanics or from the saturating nonlinearity of the IHC receptor potential (Lopez-Poveda et al 2003;Plack and Arifianto 2010). The degree of active processing applied to the off-frequency masker was simulated by adjusting the frequency of the off-frequency masker (f m ), where maskers closer to the probe frequency had greater nonlinearity through the model CF centered on the probe frequency.…”

Section: Sensitivity To F Mmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…As discussed by Poling et al (2012), sources of individual differences among listeners with similar and different thresholds may include (1) the degree of hearing loss, (2) the contribution of outer (OHC) and inner (IHC) hair cell dysfunction to the hearing loss, (3) the degree of cochlear nonlinearity (i.e., compression), (4) the influence of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex, (5) the ability to make use of stimulus cues for detecting the probe (i.e., detection efficiency), (6) the ratio of frequencies for on-and off-frequency maskers (i.e., the linear reference), (7) durations of the masker and probe (e.g., Lopez-Poveda et al 2003), (8) learning/practice effects, and (9) methods for fitting/ deriving compression. Some of the proposed sources of individual differences in compression estimates originate in a violation of the assumptions made when interpreting TMCs Oxenham 2009, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling of Individual Differences in Behavioral Estimates of Cochlear Nonlinearities

Jennings

Ahlstrom

Dubno

2014

JARO

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Temporal masking curves (TMCs) are often used to estimate cochlear compression in individuals with normal and impaired hearing. These estimates may yield a wide range of individual differences, even among subjects with similar quiet thresholds. This study used an auditory model to assess potential sources of variance in TMCs from 51 listeners in Poling et al. [J Assoc Res Otolaryngol, 13:91-108 (2012)]. These sources included threshold elevation, the contribution of outer and inner hair cell dysfunction to threshold elevation, compression of the off-frequency linear reference, and detection efficiency. Simulations suggest that detection efficiency is a primary factor contributing to individual differences in TMCs measured in normal-hearing subjects, while threshold elevation and the contribution of outer and inner hair cell dysfunction are primary factors in hearing-impaired subjects. Approximating the most compressive growth rate of the cochlear response from TMCs was achieved only in subjects with the highest detection efficiency. Simulations included off-frequency nonlinearity in basilar membrane and inner hair cell processing; however, this nonlinearity did not improve predictions, suggesting that other sources, such as the decay of masking and the strength of the medial olivocochlear reflex, may mimic off-frequency nonlinearity. Findings from this study suggest that sources of individual differences can play a strong role in behavioral estimates of compression, and these sources should be considered when using forward masking to study cochlear function in individual listeners or across groups of listeners.

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“…(1) of Lopez-Poveda et al (2005). Individual behavioral level rules were obtained by plotting the fitted levels for the f 1 masker against those for the f 2 masker, paired according to the masker-probe time gaps.…”

Section: Behavioral Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otoacoustic Emission Theories and Behavioral Estimates of Human Basilar Membrane Motion Are Mutually Consistent

Lopez‐Poveda

Johannesen

2009

JARO

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When two pure tones (or primaries) of slightly different frequencies (f 1 and f 2 ) are presented to the ear, new frequency components are generated by nonlinear interaction of the primaries within the cochlea. These new components can be recorded in the ear canal as otoacoustic emissions (OAE). The level of the 2f 1 −f 2 OAE component is known as the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and is regarded as an indicator of the physiological state of the cochlea. The current view is that maximal level DPOAEs occur for primaries that produce equal excitation at the f 2 cochlear region, but this notion cannot be directly tested in living humans because it is impossible to record their cochlear responses while monitoring their ear canal DPOAE levels. On the other hand, it has been claimed that the temporal masking curve (TMC) method of inferring human basilar membrane responses allows measurement of the levels of equally effective pure tones at any given cochlear site. The assumptions of this behavioral method, however, lack firm physiological support in humans. Here, the TMC method was applied to test the current notion on the conditions that maximize DPOAE levels in humans. DPOAE and TMC results were mutually consistent for frequencies of 1 and 4 kHz and for levels below around 65 dB sound pressure level. This match supports the current view on the generation of maximal level DPOAEs as well as the assumptions of the behavioral TMC method.

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Cochlear nonlinearity between 500 and 8000 Hz in listeners with normal hearing

Cited by 112 publications

References 35 publications

Contralateral Efferent Reflex Effects on Threshold and Suprathreshold Psychoacoustical Tuning Curves at Low and High Frequencies

Contralateral Efferent Reflex Effects on Threshold and Suprathreshold Psychoacoustical Tuning Curves at Low and High Frequencies

Computational Modeling of Individual Differences in Behavioral Estimates of Cochlear Nonlinearities

Otoacoustic Emission Theories and Behavioral Estimates of Human Basilar Membrane Motion Are Mutually Consistent

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