Cocoa Diet Prevents Antibody Synthesis and Modifies Lymph Node Composition and Functionality in a Rat Oral Sensitization Model

Camps-Bossacoma, Mariona; Abril-Gil, Mar; Saldaña-Ruíz, Sandra; Franch, Àngels; Pérez-Cano, Francisco J.; Castellote, Cristina

doi:10.3390/nu8040242

Cited by 24 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In order to find out what happened in Th1/Th2-associated antibody isotypes, the concentration of specific IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG2c, and IgE antibodies was determined. The oral sensitization caused the synthesis of antibodies belonging to IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes, as previously reported [20,22]. The 0.5% hesperidin-enriched diet did not significantly modify the levels of these anti-OVA antibodies (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Influence of Hesperidin on the Systemic and Intestinal Rat Immune Response

et al. 2017

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Polyphenols, widely found in edible plants, influence the immune system. Nevertheless, the immunomodulatory properties of hesperidin, the predominant flavanone in oranges, have not been deeply studied. To establish the effect of hesperidin on in vivo immune response, two different conditions of immune system stimulations in Lewis rats were applied. In the first experimental design, rats were intraperitoneally immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) plus Bordetella pertussis toxin and alum as the adjuvants, and orally given 100 or 200 mg/kg hesperidin. In the second experimental design, rats were orally sensitized with OVA together with cholera toxin and fed a diet containing 0.5% hesperidin. In the first approach, hesperidin administration changed mesenteric lymph node lymphocyte (MLNL) composition, increasing the TCRαβ+ cell percentage and decreasing that of B lymphocytes. Furthermore, hesperidin enhanced the interferon (IFN)-γ production in stimulated MLNL. In the second approach, hesperidin intake modified the lymphocyte composition in the intestinal epithelium (TCRγδ+ cells) and the lamina propria (TCRγδ+, CD45RA+, natural killer, natural killer T, TCRαβ+CD4+, and TCRαβ+CD8+ cells). Nevertheless, hesperidin did not modify the level of serum anti-OVA antibodies in either study. In conclusion, hesperidin does possess immunoregulatory properties in the intestinal immune response, but this effect is not able to influence the synthesis of specific antibodies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Influence of Hesperidin on the Systemic and Intestinal Rat Immune Response

et al. 2017

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“…However, a recent study on the gene expression of mesenteric lymph node cells shows that certain molecules present on antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells) were modified by this diet. In particular, a cocoa diet increased the gene expression of CD11c and OX40L (31) (Figure 1A). It has been suggested that, in a model of oral sensitization, a subset of dendritic cells (CD11c + , CD103 + , and CD8 + ) that migrates and activates in the mesenteric lymph nodes seems responsible for the Th2 polarization in this model (46).…”

Section: Cocoa Influences Composition and Functionality Of Primary Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase of Tc cells in mesenteric lymph nodes was accompanied by a higher proportion of activated cells (CD25 + CD8 + cells) and cells expressing the αE-integrin (CD103 + CD8 + cells) and a lower proportion of cells bearing L-selectin (CD62L + CD8 + cells) (31) (Table 2). CD103 is a subunit of the αE-integrin that can mediate cell adhesion and migration to the gut (35), whereas L-selectin is involved in lymphocyte rolling on the endothelium and the homing to secondary lymphoid tissues (36).…”

Section: Cocoa Influences Composition and Functionality Of Primary Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocoa Diet and Antibody Immune Response in Preclinical Studies

et al. 2017

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The ability of cocoa to interact with the immune system in vitro and in vivo has been described. In the latter context, a cocoa-enriched diet in healthy rats was able to modify the immune system’s functionality. This fact could be observed in the composition and functionality of lymphoid tissues, such as the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Consequently, immune effector mechanisms, such as antibody synthesis, were modified. A cocoa-enriched diet in young rats was able to attenuate the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, and IgA and also the intestinal IgM and IgA secretion. Moreover, in immunized rats, the intake of cocoa decreased specific IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2c, and IgM concentrations in serum. This immune-regulator potential was then tested in disease models in which antibodies play a pathogenic role. A cocoa-enriched diet was able to partially prevent the synthesis of autoantibodies in a model of autoimmune arthritis in rats and was also able to protect against IgE and T helper 2-related antibody synthesis in two rat models of allergy. Likewise, a cocoa-enriched diet prevented an oral sensitization process in young rats. In this review, we will focus on the influence of cocoa on the acquired branch of the immune function. Therefore, we will focus on how a cocoa diet influences lymphocyte function both in the systemic and intestinal immune system. Likewise, its potential role in preventing some antibody-induced immune diseases is also included. Although further studies must characterize the particular cocoa components responsible for such effects and nutritional studies in humans need to be carried out, cocoa has potential as a nutraceutical agent in some hypersensitivity status.

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“…This issue provides an opportunity to update current knowledge about some examples of the six subclasses of the flavonoid compounds and their effects—even at molecular level—on immunity and inflammation, but also in inflammatory-mediated diseases such as insulin-resistance obesity, cardiovascular disease and even in cancer. The Special Issue contains six review papers [13,14,15,16,17,18] and eight research papers [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26] on the current knowledge in the field. Contributions are from countries in Africa (South Africa), America (Brazil), Asia (China, Korea, Japan and Taiwan) and Europe (Germany, Spain and Switzerland).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conclusion of this first clinical study to evaluate the effect of those flavonoids on the inflammatory profile of such patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy, indicates that 65 g dark chocolate is able to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations [21]. A different effect of cocoa is shown by Camps-Bossacoma et al [22], who reported the tolerogenic effects of cocoa on a rat model of oral sensitization. This study, focused on acquired immunity, reveals the changes produced by cocoa intake on mesenteric lymph nodes, which eventually prevent oral immunization to a food allergen.…”

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confidence: 99%