Cocoa Shell Waste Biofilaments for 3D Printing Applications

Tran, Thi Nga; Bayer, Ilker S.; Heredia‐Guerrero, José A.; Frugone, Michela; Lagomarsino, Marco; Maggio, Fabio; Athanassiou, Athanassia

doi:10.1002/mame.201700219

Cited by 93 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…In Tran et al [ 50 ], biofilaments based on cocoa shell waste and biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactonethey are necessary) (PCL) have been prepared using a single-screw extruder. Using this simple and solvent-free fabrication technique, uniformly structured cocoa shell waste biofilaments can be produced in a very reproducible manner, and used in 3D printing of diverse objects with potential household and biomedical applications.…”

Section: Cocoa Shell Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocoa Shell: A By-Product with Great Potential for Wide Application

et al. 2018

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Solving the problem of large quantities of organic waste, which represents an enormous ecological and financial burden for all aspects of the process industry, is a necessity. Therefore, there is an emerged need to find specific solutions to utilize raw materials as efficiently as possible in the production process. The cocoa shell is a valuable by-product obtained from the chocolate industry. It is rich in protein, dietary fiber, and ash, as well as in some other valuable bioactive compounds, such as methylxanthines and phenolics. This paper gives an overview of published results related to the cocoa shell, mostly on important bioactive compounds and possible applications of the cocoa shell in different areas. The cocoa shell, due to its nutritional value and high-value bioactive compounds, could become a desirable raw material in a large spectrum of functional, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic products, as well as in the production of energy or biofuels in the near future.

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Section: Cocoa Shell Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocoa Shell: A By-Product with Great Potential for Wide Application

et al. 2018

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“…Among different types of the additive manufacturing process, FDM or fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a rapid, versatile, low-cost, and mostly used 3D printing technique that fabricates a complex-shaped part easily and promptly (Tran et al, 2017). Relatively low printer cost and the requirement of little technical knowledge to run the machine make this technique the most popular among all techniques (Ecker et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Biomaterials for 3D Printing by Fused Deposition Modeling Technique: A Review

2020

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a revolutionary manufacturing technique that can fabricate a 3D object by depositing materials layer by layer. Different materials such as metals, polymers, and concretes are generally used for 3D printing. In order to make 3D printing sustainable, researchers are working on the use of different bioderived materials for 3D printing. Because of the abundant and sustainable sources, and versatile properties, biomaterials are considered as the potential candidates that have the ability to replace petroleum-based polymers. This review highlights the basic overview of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique of 3D printing and recent developments that have occurred on FDM printing using biomaterials. Specifically, FDM printing process, final properties, and characteristics of biopolymers, their composites, and polymers containing biofillers are discussed.

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“…[4] Among the available 3D printing technologies, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most commonly used and cost-effective. [5,6] However, the printing materials suitable for FDM are generally limited to thermoplastics. The printing anisotropy and printing orientation in FDM process attracted great interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Favorable Thermoresponsive Shape Memory Effects of 3D Printed Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) Blends Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling

Liu

Huang

2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)/ carbon fiber composites by FDM had both higher fiber orientation and higher molecular orientation compared to those by conventional techniques. [8] Jia et al. used FDM technology to make graphite sheets vertically oriented in polyamide 6 (PA6) polymer matrix, resulting in composites with high through-plane thermal conductivity. [9] It was reported that the performance of FDM products was closely related to their construction methods. Although FDM is one of the most popular 3D printing technologies, the 3D printing parts manufactured by FDM technology usually suffer from lack of functionality, thus limiting its application in some special fields. After the concept of "4D printing" was first proposed by a research group at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2013, it has received great attention. [10] "Time" as the fourth dimension was introduced into 4D printing on the basis of 3D printing. The shape, structure and function of 3D printed products evolved over time under external stimulus (e.g., temperature, pH, water, light and pressure). [11] So, 4D printing requires additional stimulus and stimulus-responsive materials. Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are classified as the intelligent materials with low cost, low density, high recoverable strain and wide shape memory temperature range. [12] Their original shape can be recovered from a temporary shape in response to thermal stimuli. Generally, a fixed phase, a reversible phase and physically or chemically crosslinked structure are involved in such thermoresponsive shape memory behavior. [13] For the thermal stimuli, the switching temperature is always the thermal transition temperature (e.g., glass transition temperature or melting temperature) of the reversible phase. [14] Predictably, the SMPs capable of being applied in 3D printing could meet the requirements of 4D printing. To solve resource and environmental problems, replacement of the existing petroleum-based materials with renewable polymers is highly interesting. PLA and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with good biocompatibility and biodegradability are the two kinds of SMPs with broad application prospects in biomedical field. [15] In previous studies on the shape memory effects (SMEs) of PLA and PCL, their blends, copolymers and composites were mainly focused on. [16-18] Navarro-Baena et al. found that only the PLA/PCL blend with 30 wt% of PCL showed shape The shape of 3D printed products can be transformed over time, achieving 4D printing. In this work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends are fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM). The thermoresponsive shape memory effects (SMEs) of 3D printed blends are investigated by stress-controlled dynamic mechanical analysis in tension mode. The SME mechanism is clarified in detail, along with the crystallization and melting behaviors, dynamic mechanical properties, and morphologies of PLA/PCL blends. It is confirmed that the crystallinity of reversible phase PCL, the glass transition behav...

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Cocoa Shell Waste Biofilaments for 3D Printing Applications

Cited by 93 publications

References 55 publications

Cocoa Shell: A By-Product with Great Potential for Wide Application

Cocoa Shell: A By-Product with Great Potential for Wide Application

Use of Biomaterials for 3D Printing by Fused Deposition Modeling Technique: A Review

Favorable Thermoresponsive Shape Memory Effects of 3D Printed Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) Blends Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling

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