Coconut based integrated farming: A climate-smart model for food security and economic prosperity

Abstract

A coconut-based integrated farming system (IFS) model suited for lowlands was developed at the Integrated Farming System Research Station (IFSRS), Karamana, Kerala State, India, under Kerala Agricultural University. The area of the model was decided as 0.2 ha, matching the average per capita land availability of a marginal farmer in the State. Apart from the major crop coconut, intercrops, such as vegetables, fruit crops, spices, fodder and tuber crops were included in the model. The allied enterprises integrated were livestock, azolla, and agroforestry. Tree components of the model comprised of teak, jack, breadfruit, garcinia and mango. Research data for five years revealed that the model generated food products above the requirement of a four-member family, and the surplus production could contribute to farmer’s income. The productivity under the IFS model was enhanced ten-folds compared to that under the sole crop of coconut for the same area. Plant nutrients were generated within the farm through organic recycling, which contributed to the substantial saving of chemical fertilizers. The system was found climate-smart because of reduced use of chemical fertilizers and net negative emission of greenhouse gases mostly achieved through agroforestry. This IFS model could also ensure considerable employment generation. The model could be adopted by farmers of lowland tracts of Kerala having similar agro-climatic features for better economic returns and environmental benefits.

Evaluation of integrated nutrient management of coconut (Cocos nucifera) based cropping system in the central zone of Karnataka

“…However, it is known that switching to a coconut-based cropping system (CBCS) can increase unit area yield (Maheswarappa and Sumitha 2018). Integrated nutrient management (INM) is currently considered as the most viable approach in augmenting agricultural production with optimum use of farm wastes through on-farm generation of organic manures and recycling, to substitute inorganic fertilizers (Sudha et al 2021). Coconut yield in CBCS with INM (recycling of organic manures) has been reported to increase substantially in different agro-climatic regions, viz.…”

Agroforestry—a key tool in the climate-smart agriculture context: a review on coconut cultivation in Sri Lanka

“…Agroforestry will mitigate greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere by acting as a carbon dioxide and methane sink. Increasing on-farm fertilizer utilization through cultivating nitrogen-fixing legume crops, green manuring, cover cropping, and applying livestock manure and/or compost as a substitute for synthetic chemical fertilizers also reduce nitrous oxide gas emission (Sudha et al, 2021;Dissanayaka et al, 2022). Agroforestry will minimize climate changes and reduce the frequency of extreme weather events (such as flooding, drought, and high wind) occurrences, soil degradation rates, and water scarcity (Baig et al, 2021).…”

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Business Analysis in Terms of Economic Income

“…This will affect farmers' income because most farmers depend only on selling coconuts (Marongiu, 2022) (Narmadha, 2022). Therefore, it takes processing coconut into products with high selling value and can be processed by the farmers themselves (AlNouss, 2020;Maia, 2020;Sudha, 2021;Sudhalakshmi, 2021;Udayakumar, 2021;Vijayakumar, 2020). Processed coconut products that have the potential to be developed by coconut farmers in North Minahasa Regency are Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) because this product has a high selling value and can be processed traditionally.…”