Coconut Husk Adsorbent for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Wastewater

Abstract

A study to assess the efficiency of coconut husks (CHs) in removing methylene blue (MB) dye from wastewaters in Malaysia was carried out. A fixed bed column adsorber was set up using flow rates of 40 and 80 mL/min, and the adsorbent (CH) was prepared using the base treatment method with NaOH as activating agent. Three different column bed depths (10, 20, and 25 cm) and unit weights of adsorbent (103, 213, and 260 g) were used. Two models, the bed depth service time (BDST) and Thomas models, were used to validate the adsorption capacity results and breakthrough curve. Changing the bed depth from 20 to 25 cm did not result in a significant change in adsorption capacity, therefore a 20-cm bed depth is recommended as the most efficient. Similarly, adsorption capacity increased as flow rates increased from 40 to 80 mL/min, indicating that a flow rate of 80 mL/min yielded optimum efficiency. The two models also provided predictions with good fits of the bed depth effect, the adsorption capacity, and the breakthrough curve of CH for MB removal.

A Modified Lysimeter Study for Phyto-Treatment of Moderately Saline Wastewater Using Plant-Derived Filter Bedding Materials

“…In addition, the percentage increase for EC, CEC, and ESP was lower in soil after treatment containing FBM, clearly establishing the significance of FBM in the management of salinity through bio-adsorption. Similar results were observed in other studies showing the adsorption of TDS using rice and coconut husk as bio-adsorbents ( Che bt Man et al, 2015 ; Mor et al, 2016 ; Aljeboree et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Many researchers use low-cost organic raw materials, such as rice husk, rice straw, coconut husk, sawdust, peanut shells, and charcoal for wastewater treatment for effective removal of TDS, COD, BOD, color, and dissolved solids from various industrial effluents ( Yadav et al, 2010 ; Aljeboree et al, 2017 ; Yousaf et al, 2021 ). The removal of basic dye from wastewater has also been investigated using natural adsorbents with higher removal rates ( Che bt Man et al, 2015 ). In the present study, more promising results were obtained in terms of TDS removal and removal of other pollutants from wastewater, such as COD, BOD, and heavy metals.…”

Progress in the Sustainable Development of Biobased (Nano)materials for Application in Water Treatment Technologies

“…Examples of crop remnants are straw, bagasse, stalk, stem, husk, leaves, shell, peel, pulp, and stubble. , These residues are either sown into the ground and burned or left to decay before being grazed by cattle. Unused biomass from agricultural sources may be turned into various energy-producing materials, including biofuels (biogas/bioethanol) and energy storage, as well as adsorbent materials in wastewater treatment and desalination membranes. , Most of the agricultural biomass like rice husk (RH), − corn cob (CC), − sugar cane bagasse, − coconut husks and shells, − date palm leaves, − among others, contains organic matter like cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, graphene (carbon), and inorganic matter, mainly silica (SiO 2 ). The materials when converted to NMs are widely used in various water treatments. , …”

Removal of Heavy Metals from Produced Water Using Activated Carbon from Coconut Husk Enhanced with Graphene Oxide

“…Due to their agro-renewable, biodegradable waste, environmentally friendly, and affordable qualities, a variety of ways have recently been studied to find inexpensive and effective adsorbents made from a variety of waste raw materials [5]. To remove heavy metals from wastewater, adsorbents, including activated carbon, bio-waste, and clay have been applied because of their surface properties, porous structures, low density, and chemical inertness, although most of them have limited adsorption capacities and selectivity.…”

“…Utilizing the husk for this research reduces cost of importation of industrially produced adsorbent and reduces waste of the husks in the environment as the husks are converted to useful materials. 33-35% of the husk is made up of the mesocarp of farmed coconuts [5]. These substances are utilized in the production of significant and useful biosorbents for wastewater treatment.…”