Cod-liver oil in the prevention of intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts used for arterial bypass

Landymore, R.W.; Kinley, C.E.; Cooper, John H.; Macaulay, Malcolm; Sheridan, B.; Cameron, C.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(19)38784-7

Cited by 66 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Among laboratory animal species, only rats (70)(71)(72) and swine (73)(74)(75) generally responded to n-3 FA feeding with triglyceride lowering. Mice (76), rabbits (77)(78)(79), monkeys (80)(81)(82), and hamsters (83,84) usually did not exhibit a hypotriglyceridemic effect, and in dogs n-3 FA did not change any serum lipid parameter whatever (85)(86)(87). Interestingly, in African green monkeys, triglyceride levels rose during the n-3 FA feeding period compared to a lard diet (82,88), but did not change when compared to safflower oil (89).…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the focus of this review has been on fish oils and serum lipoprotein levels, the goal of many of the animal studies reviewed here was to determine the effects of n-3 fatty acids on arteriopathy [See Sassen et al (106) for review]. Atherosclerosis (or surrogate phenomena such as intimal proliferation or monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells) has usually been inhibited by n-3 FA in swine (73,75,107,108), monkeys (81,82,88), and dogs (85)(86)(87)109). (Monkeys and swine are often considered to be the best models for human atherosclerosis.)…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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n‐3 fatty acids and lipoproteins: Comparison of results from human and animal studies

Harris

1996

Lipids

236

153

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The impact of n-3 fatty acids (FA) on blood lipoprotein levels has been examined in many studies over the last 15 yr in both animals and humans. Studies in humans first demonstrated the potent triglyceride-lowering effect of n-3 FA, and these were followed up with animal studies to unravel the mechanism of action. This paper reviews the reported effects of n-3 FA on blood lipoproteins in 72 placebo-controlled human trials, at least 2 wk in length and providing 7 or less g of n-3 FA/day. Trials in normolipidemic subjects (triglycerides < 2.0 mM; 177 mg/dL) were compared to those in hypertriglyceridemic patients (triglycerides > or = 2.0 mM). In the healthy subjects, mean triglyceride levels decreased by 25% (P < 0.0001), and total cholesterol (C) levels increased by 2% (P < 0.009) due to the combined increases in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-C (4%, P < 0.02) and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C (3%, P < 0.008). In the patients, triglyceride levels decreased by 28% (P < 0.0001), LDL-C rose by 7% (P < 0.0001), but neither total C nor HDL-C changed significantly. Although the effect on triglyceride levels is also observed in rats and swine, it is rarely seen in mice, rabbits, monkeys, dogs, and hamsters. Whereas n-3 FA have only a minor impact on lipoprotein C levels in humans, they often markedly lower both total C and HDL-C levels in animals, especially monkeys. These differences are not widely appreciated and must be taken into account when studying the effects of n-3 FA on lipoprotein metabolism.

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Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

n‐3 fatty acids and lipoproteins: Comparison of results from human and animal studies

Harris

1996

Lipids

236

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Landymore and colleagues found a highly significant inhibition of MIH in vein interposition grafts to the femoral artery in dogs whose high-cholesterol diet was supplemented with cod-liver oil (97). Serum cholesterol values were somewhat lower in the cod-liver-oil-fed versus control dogs; however, coagulation studies, bleeding time, and platelet counts were not significantly different between these two groups.…”

Section: Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myointimal Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Implications. 2. Animal Injury Models and Mechanical Factors

Painter

1991

Artificial Organs

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“…Diet enriched in fish oil containing high levels of co-3 unsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, have beneficial effects in experimental models of vascular injury (see Vanhoutte & Dhouste-Blazy, 1991;Harker et al, 1993). The fish oil-diets reduce the abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth cells in vein-grafts (Landymore et al, 1985;Cahill et al, 1988;Smith et al, 1989), and balloon-injured blood vessels (Weiner et al, 1986) in animals fed with a high cholesterol diet. The deposition of platelets and constriction of the carotid artery caused by balloon injury are reduced by the chronic supplementation of pigs' diet with fish oil (Lam et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiation of the hyporeactivity induced by in vivo endothelial injury in the rat carotid artery by chronic treatment with fish oil

Joly

Schini

Hughes

et al. 1995

British J Pharmacology

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The present study investigates whether or not chronic feeding of rats with a diet enriched in fish oil affects the reactivity of balloon‐injured carotid arteries. The left carotid arteries were injured in vivo by the repeated passage of a balloon catheter. Both the right (control artery) and the left carotid arteries were excised 24 h after the injury, and suspended in organ chambers for the measurement of changes in isometric tension in the presence of indomethacin. Phenylephrine evoked similar concentration‐contraction curves in the right (control) carotid arteries without endothelium from control and fish oil‐fed rats. Balloon injury decreased the contractility of carotid arteries to phenylephrine in both types of rats and the pEC50 for phenylephrine was significantly decreased in balloon‐injured arteries from control rats compared to those obtained in arteries from fish oil‐fed rats (pEC50 7.59 ± 0.1 and 7.28 ± 0.06, respectively) while maximal contractions were similar (1.93 ± 0.15 g and 1.79 ± 0.12 g, respectively). The treatment of control right carotid arteries without endothelium with either NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) or superoxide dismutase (which protects nitric oxide from degradation) did not affect significantly the contractions to phenylephrine in either group. In these preparations, methylene blue (an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase) decreased slightly but significantly maximal contractions to phenylephrine in both groups. The treatment of balloon‐injured carotid arteries with NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine or methylene blue partly restored contractions to phenylephrine in arteries from both types of rat. Superoxide dismutase further depressed the contractility to the α1‐adrenoceptor agonist in balloon‐injured arteries from control diet‐fed rats but had no effect in balloon‐injured preparations from fish oil‐fed rats. 3‐Morpholino‐sydnonimine (SIN‐1, a donor of nitric oxide) evoked similar concentration‐dependent relaxations in control and balloon‐injured carotid arteries from both types of rat. Balloon injury caused an increase in the tissue content of cyclic GMP in carotid arteries from control diet‐fed rats. This production of cyclic GMP was abolished by NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine. Superoxide dismutase potentiated significantly the production of cyclic GMP caused by balloon injury in control but not in fish oil‐fed rats. These observations confirm that in vivo balloon injury causes the production of nitric oxide in the injured blood vessel wall. This production of nitric oxide from l‐arginine accounts for the decreased contractility to phenylephrine and the accumulation of cyclic GMP in balloon‐injured arteries. They further indicate that chronic feeding of rats with fish oil potentiates the l‐arginine‐nitric oxide pathway in the injured vessel leading to an enhanced hyporeactivity to phenylephrine.

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Cod-liver oil in the prevention of intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts used for arterial bypass

Cited by 66 publications

References 23 publications

n‐3 fatty acids and lipoproteins: Comparison of results from human and animal studies

n‐3 fatty acids and lipoproteins: Comparison of results from human and animal studies

Myointimal Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Implications. 2. Animal Injury Models and Mechanical Factors

Potentiation of the hyporeactivity induced by in vivo endothelial injury in the rat carotid artery by chronic treatment with fish oil

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