Code Grey: Mapping Healthcare Service Deserts in Hamilton, Ontario and the Impact on Senior Populations

Dosen, Kristin M.; Karasiuk, Alexis A.; Marcaccio, Alexandra C.; Miljak, Samantha; Nair, Mythili; Radauskas, Victoria J.

doi:10.3138/cart.52.2.5103

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The prevalence of neighborhood pharmacies and its association with health is understudied in health research, as much of the literature examining neighborhood-level health-related resources focuses on access to healthcare providers and health insurance (Dosen et al 2017; Gaskin et al 2012; Hoffman and Paradise 2008; Wang and Luo 2005). Despite modest growth of U.S. pharmacies in the last two decades, the availability of pharmacies and pharmacy characteristics associated with access to prescription medications vary substantially across local areas (Qato et al 2017).…”

Section: Resource Scarcity and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Un) Just Deserts: Examining Resource Deserts and the Continued Significance of Racism on Health in the Urban South

Satcher

2022

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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With concepts like structural racism and social determinants of health currently trending in both academic and public discourse, examining the health consequences of legacies of racism in the built environment is increasingly timely. Resource scarcity in neighborhoods and the emergence of resource deserts in urban cities are critical sources of urban social inequality. As research shows how the sociodemographic makeup of neighborhoods can predict resident access to important material resources like grocery stores, pharmacies, and parks, exploring how this lack of access might impact health is imperative. Employing an environmental justice framework, this study brings together scholarship on environmental racism and stress theory to explore the impacts of spatial inequality on health at the neighborhood level. Using public-use data from the American Community Survey (ACS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Provider Identifier (NPI) registry, and local and state government sources, the author examines the influence of co-occurring resource scarcity (i.e., multiply-deserted areas [MDAs]) on health in neighborhoods across urban cities in the American South. Results indicate that MDAs have higher prevalence of physical inactivity, asthma, diabetes, and obesity compared to neighborhoods with low or no resource scarcity. In addition, across MDAs, neighborhoods that are predominantly Black have higher prevalence of physical inactivity, asthma, diabetes, and obesity relative to nonpredominantly Black neighborhoods. Results also suggest that higher income MDAs have lower obesity prevalence compared with low-income MDAs. Findings contribute to a growing area of literature connecting and examining the structural racism-health connection.

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Section: Resource Scarcity and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Un) Just Deserts: Examining Resource Deserts and the Continued Significance of Racism on Health in the Urban South

Satcher

2022

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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“…Scholars examined food access, for example, in relation to health and the uneven geographies of diet-related illnesses. The concept has since been applied to the geography of a wide range of services including surgery (Belsky et al., 2010; Uribe-Leitz et al., 2018), contraception (Kreitzer et al., 2017), higher education (Dache-Gerbino, 2016; Hillman and Weichman, 2016), and basic healthcare (Dosen et al., 2017).…”

Section: Geographic Deserts and Schools As Spatial Justicementioning

confidence: 99%

School deserts: Visualizing the death of the neighborhood school

Alexander

Massaro

2020

Policy Futures in Education

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The purported purpose of school choice policies is to increase students’ access to “good schools.” There is little discussion, however, of where those good schools are located, nor of the ways in which the distribution of good schools mirrors broader patterns of uneven development in the United States. Given that schools are neighborhood assets and that the distance which students travel to get to school affects their success, the locations of schools matter tremendously and are inextricable from questions of social and spatial justice. We introduce and argue for the explicit use of the term “school desert” as a way for scholars to understand and describe the spatial injustice of school closures and for activists to argue the importance of effective local schools. Spatial visualization and rendering of social problems is an invaluable strategy for effecting policy change. As cities move increasingly to a “de-spatialized” geography of schooling where catchment zones are less determinate of where a student attends school, it is important to consider where the desirable schools are and where they are not. A more nuanced visualization of school locations than neighborhood demographics offers a new lens through which to examine the (un)intended effects of school closures on students, communities, and development. Using Pennsylvania as a case study, we use a geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate the broader reverberations of school choice policies and determine who, demographically, has access to high-quality schools. In light of this research, we also propose an innovative analytic and methodology that describes the educational inequity which is caused by spatial relationships between students’ homes and high-quality schooling. Through the concept of a school desert we explore the (un)intended spatial implications of school closures. School deserts occur as a result of school choice policies that justify school closures. Closures and the location of good schools are geographically uneven, tempered by the federal and local policies that ensure income and racial segregation in US housing. Our analysis of Pennsylvania reveals the uneven distribution of access to good schools in the same way that mapping food deserts displays how market forces have failed to evenly distribute quality food. We find that areas with high-quality schools are significantly wealthier and whiter than school deserts, a conclusion which mirrors those concerning other low-quality neighborhood assets. School deserts as a methodology demonstrate that if students do not have geographic access to good schools, then school choice policies do not, in fact, offer choice.

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“…Japanese researchers analyzed the spatial distribution of the local elderly population in detail and investigated care facilities for the elderly [ 4 ] and the living environment of elderly individuals that live alone [ 5 ] and then proposed aging-friendly optimization strategies in terms of daily living facilities for the elderly, street-related facilities, public transportation facilities, hospital beds, and disaster response [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Western researchers also proposed the healthcare desert theory [ 10 ], which illustrates the correlation between the level of medical services and the distribution of the aging population and explores the impact of accessibility to public facilities [ 11 ] and medical facilities [ 12 ] based on the regional population. Chinese researchers explored the application and effect of GIS in solving the aging problem [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equity of Elderly Care Facility Allocation in a Multi-Ethnic City under the Aging Background

Chen

Liu

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Societal concerns in ethnic minority areas are global issues. Paying close attention to the equitable allocation of social resources in an aging population is crucial to preserving the cultural diversity and social stability of multi-ethnic countries. This study took a multi-ethnic city—Kunming (KM), China—as an example. The population aging and the comprehensive service level of elderly care institutions at the township (subdistrict) scale were evaluated to discuss the equity of elderly care facility allocation. This study revealed that the overall convenience of elderly care institutions was low. The coupling coordination between the degree of aging and the service level of elderly care institutions in the majority of areas in KM showed poor adaptation. There is spatial differentiation in population aging and an imbalanced distribution of elderly care facilities and relevant service facilities among ethnic minority communities and other areas in KM. We also attempted to provide optimization recommendations for existing problems. This study, on the degree of population aging, the service level of elderly care institutions, and the degree of coupling coordination between them at the township (subdistrict) scale, offers a theoretical foundation for planning elderly care facilities in multi-ethnic cities.

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Code Grey: Mapping Healthcare Service Deserts in Hamilton, Ontario and the Impact on Senior Populations

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

(Un) Just Deserts: Examining Resource Deserts and the Continued Significance of Racism on Health in the Urban South

(Un) Just Deserts: Examining Resource Deserts and the Continued Significance of Racism on Health in the Urban South

School deserts: Visualizing the death of the neighborhood school

Equity of Elderly Care Facility Allocation in a Multi-Ethnic City under the Aging Background

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