Code Index Modulation and Spatial Modulation: A New High Rate and Energy Efficient Scheme for MIMO Systems

Cogen, Fatih; Aydin, Erdogan; Kabaoglu, Nihat; Başar, Ertuğrul; İlhan, Hacı

doi:10.1109/tsp.2018.8441230

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1) CIM-SM technique presented in [23] and [24] The remainder of the article is organized as follows. In Section II, we introduce the GCIM-SM scheme.…”

Section: A Contributions and Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this rational scheme, a part of the data bits are transmitted directly through the channel with the modulated signal, whereas the other part is carried by being embedded in the transmitted signal without spending any energy. For this reason, the CIM-SS system not only increases the data rate and efficiency of the system but also reduces the energy consumption [23], [24]. In [25], the CIM scheme is adapted to the quadrature SM (QSM) method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalized Code Index Modulation and Spatial Modulation for High Rate and Energy-Efficient MIMO Systems on Rayleigh Block-Fading Channel

Cogen

Aydin

Kabaoglu

et al. 2021

IEEE Systems Journal

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In this article, a high data rate and energy-efficient multiple-input multiple-output transmission scheme is considered by combining two popular and rational modulation techniques: spatial modulation (SM) and code index modulation-spread spectrum (CIM-SS). Since in the considered system, called generalized CIM-SM (GCIM-SM), incoming information bits determine modulated symbols, activated transmit antenna indices as well as their corresponding spreading code indices, data bits are conveyed not only by modulated symbols but also by the indices of the active antenna and spreading codes. Hence, a GCIM-SM scheme accommodates faster data rates while spending less transmission power and possessing better error performance compared to the conventional direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS), SM, quadrature SM (QSM), and CIM-SS systems. The mathematical expressions of the GCIM-SM system for bit error rate, throughput, energy efficiency, and the system complexity are derived to analyze the overall system performance. Besides, it has been shown via computer simulations that the GCIM-SM system has lower transmission energy, faster data transmission rate, and better error performance than DS-SS, SM, QSM, and CIM-SS systems. Performance analysis of the considered system was performed on Rayleigh block-fading channels for quadrature amplitude modulation technique.

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“…1) CIM-SM technique presented in [23] and [24] The remainder of the article is organized as follows. In Section II, we introduce the GCIM-SM scheme.…”

Section: A Contributions and Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Code Index Modulation and Spatial Modulation for High Rate and Energy-Efficient MIMO Systems on Rayleigh Block-Fading Channel

Cogen

Aydin

Kabaoglu

et al. 2021

IEEE Systems Journal

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“…Third, constellated symbols have been split into real and imaginary parts; those real and imaginary parts of constellated symbols are used to increase the combination between transmitting antennas and modulation by mapping them into same/different antennas independently, such as QSM, differential quadrature spatial modulation (DQSM), and generalized quadrature spatial modulation (GQSM) [18][19][20][31][32][33]. Finally, adding a new index into the transmit antennas, such as another constellation signal or predefined spreading codes [12,24,25,34]. On the other hand, the CIM and GCIM have been introduced as a competitive scheme for SMTs to avoid the hardware complexity of the MIMO system using a predefined spreading code index combined with the SISO system.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indices of the spread code and the active antennas are used to carry additional information bits. Consequently, the data rate achieved in spatial modulation coded index modulation (SM-CIM) R SM−CIM is expressed as follows [34]:…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Learning-Based Spread-Spectrum FGSM for Underwater Communication

Qasem

Esmaiel

Sun

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The limitation of the available channel bandwidth and availability of a sustainable energy source for battery feed sensor nodes are the main challenges in the underwater acoustic communication. Unlike terrestrial’s communication, using multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technologies to overcome the bandwidth limitation problem is highly restricted in underwater acoustic communication by high inter-channel interference (ICI) and the channel multipath effect. Recently, the spatial modulation techniques (SMTs) have been presented as an alternative solution to overcome these issues by transmitting more data bits using the spatial index of antennas transmission. This paper proposes a new scheme of SMT called spread-spectrum fully generalized spatial modulation (SS-FGSM) carrying the information bits not only using the constellated data symbols and index of active antennas as in conventional SMTs, but also transmitting the information bits by using the index of predefined spreading codes. Consequently, most of the information bits are transmitted in the index of the transmitter antenna, and the index of spreading codes. In the proposed scheme, only a few information bits are transmitted physically. By this way, consumed power transmission can be reduced, and we can save the energy of underwater nodes, as well as enhancing the channel utilization. To relax the receiver computational complexity, a low complexity deep learning (DL) detector is proposed for the SS-FGSM scheme as the first attempt in the underwater SMTs-based communication. The simulation results show that the proposed deep learning detector-based SS-FGSM (DLSS-FGSM), compared to the conventional SMTs, can significantly improve the system data rate, average bit error rate, energy efficiency, and receiver’s computational complexity.

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“…A new IM technique, namely code-index modulation (CIM) based spread spectrum, was proposed in [8], which uses the index of the spreading code to carry additional information besides the the transmitted symbols. Then, [9]- [11] further proposed generalized combinations of code index modulation and spatial modulation (or its variants, e.g., quadrature spatial modulation). As a further extension, [12] proposed a novel CIM design based on two-way network coding techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Multi-Domain Index Modulation for Covert Communication

Yao

Yang²,

et al. 2022

IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett.

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In this letter, a hybrid multi-domain index modulation scheme based on spreading codes domain and beam domain is proposed. In our design, the information bit stream is divided into two parts: one for covert transmission using the index of spreading code and the other using the directional modulation to improve bit error ratio (BER) performance in the desired direction and to prevent eavesdropping. Then, based on joint boundaries and statistical theory, the average error probabilities of legitimate users and eavesdroppers are derived. Moreover, we analyze the average BER and validate through simulation results that the proposed hybrid multi-domain scheme is capable of achieving better BER performance compared to conventional coded wireless communication systems.

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Code Index Modulation and Spatial Modulation: A New High Rate and Energy Efficient Scheme for MIMO Systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Generalized Code Index Modulation and Spatial Modulation for High Rate and Energy-Efficient MIMO Systems on Rayleigh Block-Fading Channel

Generalized Code Index Modulation and Spatial Modulation for High Rate and Energy-Efficient MIMO Systems on Rayleigh Block-Fading Channel

Deep Learning-Based Spread-Spectrum FGSM for Underwater Communication

A Hybrid Multi-Domain Index Modulation for Covert Communication

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