Coding of Temporal Information

Kopp‐Scheinpflug, Conny; Linden, JF

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.24255-7

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…The central part of the IC contains units that are specialized for processing temporally modulated sound ( Langner, 1992 ; Krishna and Semple, 2000 ). Recently it became clear that processing of complex sounds is largely performed by the auditory brainstem and the IC, i.e., in subcortical regions ( Pressnitzer et al, 2008 ; Pannese et al, 2015 ; Felix et al, 2018 ; Kopp-Scheinpflug and Linden, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Subcortical Processing of Amplitude-Modulated Tones in Mice Deficient for Cacna2d3, a Risk Gene for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Humans

Bracic

Hegmann

Engel

et al. 2022

eNeuro

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Temporal processing of complex sounds is a fundamental and complex task in hearing and a prerequisite for processing and understanding vocalization, speech, and prosody. Here, we studied response properties of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) in mice lacking Cacna2d3 , a risk gene for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The α 2 δ3 auxiliary Ca 2+ channel subunit encoded by Cacna2d3 is essential for proper function of glutamatergic synapses in the auditory brainstem. Recent evidence has shown that much of auditory feature extraction is performed in the auditory brainstem and IC, including processing of amplitude modulation (AM). We determined both spectral and temporal properties of single- and multi-unit responses in the IC of anesthetized mice. IC units of α 2 δ3 −/− mice showed normal tuning properties yet increased spontaneous rates compared with α 2 δ3 +/+ . When stimulated with AM tones, α 2 δ3 −/− units exhibited less precise temporal coding and reduced evoked rates to higher modulation frequencies (f m ). Whereas first spike latencies (FSLs) were increased for only few modulation frequencies, population peak latencies were increased for f m ranging from 20 to 100 Hz in α 2 δ3 −/− IC units. The loss of precision of temporal coding with increasing f m from 70 to 160 Hz was characterized using a normalized offset-corrected (Pearson-like) correlation coefficient, which appeared more appropriate than the metrics of vector strength. The processing deficits of AM sounds analyzed at the level of the IC indicate that α 2 δ3 −/− mice exhibit a subcortical auditory processing disorder (APD). Similar deficits may be present in other mouse models for ASDs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Subcortical Processing of Amplitude-Modulated Tones in Mice Deficient for Cacna2d3, a Risk Gene for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Humans

Bracic

Hegmann

Engel

et al. 2022

eNeuro

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“…These 20 min together with the downstream G-protein coupled signaling cascade of UCN3 and most other neuropeptides suggest the action of UCN3 to be slow compared to the primary auditory signal processing. However, since processing of auditory information takes place at different time scales from microseconds to many seconds or even hours, UCN3 signaling is just in time to modulate processes involved in temporal abstraction rather than temporal resolution or temporal integration ( Kopp-Scheinpflug and Linden, 2021 ). Such a setting could maintain faithfulness of direct ascending auditory transmission on one hand, while at the same time interfering with the modulatory effects of the ICe cells and their inputs to non-auditory areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Patterns of the Neuropeptide Urocortin 3 and Its Receptor CRFR2 in the Mouse Central Auditory System

Pagella

Deussing

Kopp‐Scheinpflug

2021

Front. Neural Circuits

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Sensory systems have to be malleable to context-dependent modulations occurring over different time scales, in order to serve their evolutionary function of informing about the external world while also eliciting survival-promoting behaviors. Stress is a major context-dependent signal that can have fast and delayed effects on sensory systems, especially on the auditory system. Urocortin 3 (UCN3) is a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor family. As a neuropeptide, UCN3 regulates synaptic activity much faster than the classic steroid hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Moreover, due to the lack of synaptic re-uptake mechanisms, UCN3 can have more long-lasting and far-reaching effects. To date, a modest number of studies have reported the presence of UCN3 or its receptor CRFR2 in the auditory system, particularly in the cochlea and the superior olivary complex, and have highlighted the importance of this stress neuropeptide for protecting auditory function. However, a comprehensive map of all neurons synthesizing UCN3 or CRFR2 within the auditory pathway is lacking. Here, we utilize two reporter mouse lines to elucidate the expression patterns of UCN3 and CRFR2 in the auditory system. Additional immunolabelling enables further characterization of the neurons that synthesize UCN3 or CRFR2. Surprisingly, our results indicate that within the auditory system, UCN3 is expressed predominantly in principal cells, whereas CRFR2 expression is strongest in non-principal, presumably multisensory, cell types. Based on the presence or absence of overlap between UCN3 and CRFR2 labeling, our data suggest unusual modes of neuromodulation by UCN3, involving volume transmission and autocrine signaling.

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Sensory Representations in the Auditory Cortex and Thalamus

Linden

2023

The Cerebral Cortex and Thalamus

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What are the similarities and differences between sensory representations in the auditory cortex and thalamus—and what do they imply about thalamocortical transformations in the auditory system? This chapter reviews studies that have addressed these questions by comparing auditory cortical and thalamic sound representations at the single-neuron and neuronal-population levels. The studies have used a diversity of stimulus sets and approaches: simple sounds to evaluate frequency tuning and modulation sensitivity; complex artificial sounds to estimate spectrotemporal receptive fields and nonlinear response functions; sound sequences to measure effects of stimulus probability and patterning; and natural sounds to examine responses to ecologically relevant vocalizations and ambient noise. However, key findings converge to the conclusion that, like auditory brainstem nuclei and midbrain structures, the auditory thalamus and cortex are specialized for analysis of temporal information in sensory signals over multiple timescales.

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Coding of Temporal Information

Cited by 3 publications

References 191 publications

Impaired Subcortical Processing of Amplitude-Modulated Tones in Mice Deficient for Cacna2d3, a Risk Gene for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Humans

Impaired Subcortical Processing of Amplitude-Modulated Tones in Mice Deficient for Cacna2d3, a Risk Gene for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Humans

Expression Patterns of the Neuropeptide Urocortin 3 and Its Receptor CRFR2 in the Mouse Central Auditory System

Sensory Representations in the Auditory Cortex and Thalamus

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