The high affinity IgE Fc receptor (Fc⑀RI)  chain functions as a signal amplifier and has been linked to atopy, asthma, and allergy. Herein, we report on a previously unrecognized negative regulatory role for the nonconventional  chain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif that contains three tyrosine residues (YX 5 YX 3 Y). Degranulation and leukotriene production was found to be impaired in cells expressing the mutated Fc⑀RI immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs FYY, YYF, FYF, and FFF. In contrast, cytokine synthesis and secretion were enhanced in the YFY and FFF mutants. Fc⑀RI phosphorylation and Lyn kinase co-immunoprecipitation was intact in the YFY mutant but was lost in the FYF and FFF mutants. The phosphorylation of Syk, LAT, phospholipase ␥1/2, and Srchomology 2 domain-containing protein phosphatase 2 was intact, whereas the phosphorylation of SHIP-1 was significantly reduced in the YFY mutant cells. The FYF and FFF mutants were defective in phosphorylating all of these molecules. In contrast, the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, IB kinase  (IKK), and nuclear NFB activity was enhanced in the YFY and FFF mutants. These findings show that the Fc⑀RI functions to both selectively amplify (degranulation and leukotriene secretion) and dampen (lymphokine) mast cell effector responses.The Fc⑀RI 1 in mast cells and basophils is a tetrameric structure consisting of three distinct polypeptides including the IgE-binding ␣ chain, the tetraspanning  chain, and the disulfide-linked ␥ homodimer (1). Aggregation of Fc⑀RI by the interaction of bound IgE with multivalent antigens induces the release of histamine, leukotrienes, and inflammatory cytokines, resulting in the recruitment and activation of circulating leukocytes leading to allergic inflammation (2). Polymorphisms in the Fc⑀RI have been linked to atopy, asthma, and allergy (3-5). However, studies on the role of these polymorphisms in Fc⑀RI expression and function have not yielded an understanding of their effects on mast cell physiology (6, 7). Nonetheless, it is clear that the Fc⑀RI functions as a signal amplifier in mast cells and is important for augmenting the allergic reactions (8 -10). In humans, it has been demonstrated that the ␥ homodimer can act as an autonomous signaling molecule in various cell types, whereas the  subunit amplifies early activation signals by 5-7-fold through Fc⑀RI (reviewed in Ref. 1). Moreover, the  chain also enhances cell-surface expression of Fc⑀RI (11), providing increased sensitivity in an allergic response.The -and ␥-chains contain ITAMs, a conserved feature of many antigen receptors that imparts signaling competence. The ITAM consensus sequence is (D/E)XXYXXLX 7-11 -YXXL(L/ I), where the tyrosine residues are phosphoacceptor sites for the action of receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinases (reviewed in Ref. 1). Phospho-ITAMs provide a docking site for cytoplasmic proteins that contain the Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain. Some of these function to couple receptors to macromolecular signaling comp...