Coding Textual Inputs Boosts the Accuracy of Neural Networks

Abstract

Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks are usually performed word by word on textual inputs. We can use arbitrary symbols to represent the linguistic meaning of a word and use these symbols as inputs. As "alternatives" to a text representation, we introduce Soundex, MetaPhone, NYSIIS, logogram to NLP, and develop fixed-output-length coding and its extension using Huffman coding. Each of those codings combines different character/digital sequences and constructs a new vocabulary based on codewords. We find that the integration of those codewords with text provides more reliable inputs to Neural-Networkbased NLP systems through redundancy than text-alone inputs. Experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-ofthe-art models on the application of machine translation, language modeling, and part-ofspeech tagging. The source code is available at https://github.com/abdulrafae/coding nmt.