Codling moth males do not discriminate between pheromone and a pheromone/antagonist blend during upwind flight

Coracini, Miryan; Bengtsson, Marie; Cichón, Liliana; Witzgall, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00114-003-0456-x

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As this compound is found in low amounts in the pheromone gland (Nesbitt et al, 1973), this suggests that Z9-14Ac could be a minor component of the sex pheromone, with high doses distorting the natural blend ratio and producing an antagonistic effect. A similar result was found for an antagonist of the moth Cydia pomonella (Coracini et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Attraction Modulated by Spacing of Pheromone Components and Anti-attractants in a Bark Beetle and a Moth

et al. 2011

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Orientation for insects in olfactory landscapes with high semiochemical diversity may be a challenging task. The partitioning of odor plumes into filaments that are interspersed with pockets of 'clean air' may help filament discrimination and upwind flight to attractive sources in the face of inhibitory signals. We studied the effect of distance between odor sources on trap catches of the beetle, Ips typographus, and the moth, Spodoptera littoralis. Insects were tested both to spatially separated pheromone components [cis-verbenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol for Ips; (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate for Spodoptera], and to separated pheromone and anti-attractant sources [non-host volatile (NHV) blend for Ips; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate for Spodoptera]. Trap catch data were complemented with simulations of plume structure and plume overlap from two separated sources using a photo ionization detector and soap bubble generators. Trap catches of the beetle and the moth were both affected when odor sources in the respective traps were increasingly separated. However, this effect on trap catch occurred at smaller (roughly by an order of magnitude) odor source separation distances for the moth than for the beetle. This may reflect differences between the respective olfactory systems and central processing. For both species, the changes in trap catches in response to separation of pheromone components occurred at similar spacing distances as for separation of pheromone and anti-attractant sources. Overlap between two simulated plumes depended on distance between the two sources. In addition, the number of detected filaments and their concentration decreased with downwind distance. This implies that the response to separated odor sources in the two species might take place under different olfactory conditions. Deploying multiple sources of anti-attractant around a pheromone trap indicated long-distance (meter scale) effects of NHV on the beetle and a potential use for NHV in forest protection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Attraction Modulated by Spacing of Pheromone Components and Anti-attractants in a Bark Beetle and a Moth

et al. 2011

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“…The distance range (4-48 cm) over which spacing affected trap catch in the present study was larger than that previously shown to affect the behaviour of male Helicoverpa zea (millimetre scale) (Baker, Fadamiro & Coss e 1998) or other moths (Witzgall & Priesner 1991;Liu & Haynes 1992;Rumbo, Deacon & Regan 1993;Valeur & L€ ofstedt 1996;Coracini et al 2003;K arp ati et al 2013). The difference in distance range might reflect a difference in resolution between the olfactory senses of moths and beetles (Andersson et al 2011) but is probably also explained by the much more controlled (close to laminar) airflow in the wind tunnels used in the previous moth studies, in contrast to the turbulence present in the field.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…The distance range (4–48 cm) over which spacing affected trap catch in the present study was larger than that previously shown to affect the behaviour of male Helicoverpa zea (millimetre scale) (Baker, Fadamiro & Cossé ) or other moths (Witzgall & Priesner ; Liu & Haynes ; Rumbo, Deacon & Regan ; Valeur & Löfstedt ; Coracini et al . ; Kárpáti et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐localization of insect olfactory sensory cells improves the discrimination of closely separated odour sources

et al. 2014

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Summary1. The sense of smell is crucial for fitness of most animals, enabling them to find mates, food and egg laying sites and to stay away from danger. Hence, odour molecules are detected by sensitive and specific olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). In insects, the OSNs are stereotypically grouped into olfactory sensilla located mainly on the antennae. The functional significance of this co-localization principle is poorly understood, but it has been hypothesized that it allows for coincidence detection of odour filaments, improving discrimination of closely separated odour sources. 2. Using an insect in its natural environment, we conducted the first experimental test of the hypothesis. We manipulated the distance between odour sources of an attractive pheromone and either of two host-derived attraction antagonists (1,8-cineole and verbenone) and investigated the effect on trap catches of the bark beetle, Ips typographus (Coleoptera). 1,8-Cineole is detected by an OSN co-localized with an OSN for one of the pheromone components, while verbenone is detected by OSNs in other sensilla, not co-localized with pheromone OSNs. 3. Consistent with the hypothesis, trap catch increased with distance between odour sources more for 1,8-cineole than for verbenone. The strongest effect was found among the males, that is the sex that first locates and attacks the host tree. 4. Our data from the beetle provide, for the first time, direct experimental support for the hypothesis that co-localization of OSNs in sensilla improves the discrimination of closely separated odour sources. Thus, selection for improved odour source discrimination could well be one of the factors explaining the strict co-localization of OSNs that is seen across the Insecta class.

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“…Also, pairs of pheromone traps baited with the E and the Z pheromone blend preferentially attracted E- and Z-race males, respectively, when placed at <50 m distance [32]. More generally, it has been shown that males of various moth species are able to discriminate between sources of their own species' pheromone and other odours (eg, incomplete or off-ratio pheromone blends: [43], [44]) or pheromone antagonists (eg, [45], [46]) even when these sources are placed at a few centimeters' distance. All this suggests that, if E and Z females are spatially segregated when they emit their pheromones, E- and Z-race males should be able to distribute themselves accordingly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assortative Mating between European Corn Borer Pheromone Races: Beyond Assortative Meeting

et al. 2007

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BackgroundSex pheromone communication systems may be a major force driving moth speciation by causing behavioral reproductive isolation via assortative meeting of conspecific individuals. The ‘E’ and ‘Z’ pheromone races of the European corn borer (ECB) are a textbook example in this respect. ‘Z’ females produce and ‘Z’ males preferentially respond to a ‘Z’ pheromone blend, while the ‘E’ race communicates via an ‘E’ blend. Both races do not freely hybridize in nature and their populations are genetically differentiated. A straightforward explanation would be that their reproductive isolation is a mere consequence of “assortative meeting” resulting from their different pheromones specifically attracting males towards same-race females at long range. However, previous laboratory experiments and those performed here show that even when moths are paired in a small box – i.e., when the meeting between sexual partners is forced – inter-race couples still have a lower mating success than intra-race ones. Hence, either the difference in attractivity of E vs. Z pheromones for males of either race still holds at short distance or the reproductive isolation between E and Z moths may not only be favoured by assortative meeting, but must also result from an additional mechanism ensuring significant assortative mating at close range. Here, we test whether this close-range mechanism is linked to the E/Z female sex pheromone communication system.Methodology/Principal FindingsUsing crosses and backcrosses of E and Z strains, we found no difference in mating success between full-sisters emitting different sex pheromones. Conversely, the mating success of females with identical pheromone types but different coefficients of relatedness to the two parental strains was significantly different, and was higher when their genetic background was closer to that of their male partner's pheromone race.Conclusions/SignificanceWe conclude that the close-range mechanism ensuring assortative mating between the E and Z ECB pheromone races is unrelated to the difference in female sex pheromone. Although the nature of this mechanism remains elusive, our results show that it is expressed in females, acts at close range, segregates independently of the autosome carrying Pher and of both sex chromosomes, and is widely distributed since it occurs both in France and in the USA.

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Codling moth males do not discriminate between pheromone and a pheromone/antagonist blend during upwind flight

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Attraction Modulated by Spacing of Pheromone Components and Anti-attractants in a Bark Beetle and a Moth

Attraction Modulated by Spacing of Pheromone Components and Anti-attractants in a Bark Beetle and a Moth

Co‐localization of insect olfactory sensory cells improves the discrimination of closely separated odour sources

Assortative Mating between European Corn Borer Pheromone Races: Beyond Assortative Meeting

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