Coefficient of Parentage in Coffea arabica L. Cultivars Grown in Brazil

Abstract

The coefficient of parentage among 121 cultivars of Coffea arabica L. in Brazil released from 1939 to 2009 was estimated and used to study the genetic diversity and the breeding pattern of the breeding programs. A low genetic diversity was observed within the C. arabica cultivars of Brazil. The genetic base of 121 cultivars released in Brazil between 1939 and 2009 was defined by 13 ancestors. Seven ancestors contribute with 97.55% of the genetic base of C. arabica cultivars. Bourbon Vermelho contributed with 52.76% for the genetic pool of the C. arabica cultivars of Brazil followed by Sumatra (19.05%) and Híbrido de Timor (11.59%). Mundo Novo and Icatu Vermelho contributed with 87.65% for the genetic base of the C. arabica cultivars. It was calculated that 97.55% of the genetic base of the Brazilian C. arabica cultivars is derived from seven ancestors, indicating a narrow genetic base. Among the first progenies, Mundo Novo contributed with 69.39% of the genetic base of C. arabica cultivars in Brazil. The increase in the genetic diversity among C. arabica cultivars observed in recent decades is due to the introduction of parental lines with diverse genetic base. High genetic diversity was observed among cultivars released by Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais/Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Fundação Procafé, and Instituto Agronômico do Paraná. The 121 Brazilian cultivars were clustered into four groups based on coefficient of parentage. The distributions of genotypes over the cluster groups showed the effect of parental line contribution.

Molecular markers useful to discriminate Coffea arabica cultivars with high genetic similarity

“…In Brazil alone, to date, 131 C. arabica cultivars have been registered on the National Register of Cultivars (NRC) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) (Brasil 2017a). However, these cultivars were obtained from a few parents, resulting in low variability (Setotaw et al 2013). This hinders the accurate and precise discrimination of genotypes by morphological descriptors (Lanteri et al 2012).…”

Identification of microsatellite markers in coffee associated with resistance to Meloidogyne exigua

“…Setotaw et al (2013) reported the development of C. arabica cultivars using Híbrido de Timor as a source of genes for resistance to pests and diseases, and their release for commercial production in Brazil.…”

“…Progenies derived from these hybrids possess genes that can modify the phenotype and provide resistance to nematodes (Anthony et al, 2005). Based on this strategy, various cultivars of C. arabica have been developed for production in Brazil and provide considerable economic gain for the farmers in these regions (Setotaw et al, 2013).…”

Genome Introgression of Híbrido de Timor and Its Potential to Develop High Cup Quality C. arabica Cultivars

“…Since this coffee group is the most important coffee group extensively used in the breeding programs as a source of resistance gene for coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix), coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae), root knot nematode (Meloidgyne exigua) and bacteriosis (Pseudomonas syringae pv garçae) (Bettencourt, 1973;Charrier and Eskes, 1997;Bertrand et al, 2003;Pereira et al, 2005;Sera et al, 2005). Besides, this group of coffee has been used to develop high quality cup cultivars resistant to pest and disease in Brazil (Setotaw et al, 2013).…”

“…Besides, "HT" has high natural genetic relationship with C. arabica (Lashermes et al, 1993(Lashermes et al, , 1996(Lashermes et al, , 1999. From this process, different cultivars of C. arabica were released in Brazil (Setotaw et al, 2013) and are being widely used in America countries.…”