Coexistence of hyperlipidemia and acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induces severe liver damage in a rat model

Gong, Wu; Zheng, Wenxia; Wang, Jun; Chen, Shihui; Pang, Bo; Hu, Xingjian; Cao, Xiaolu

doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i35.4934

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is consistent with a previous study showed that body weight gain was not affected by HFD in gerbils, although HFD was shown to result in higher hepatic vitamin A stores and lower hepatic b-carotene stores [31]. On the other hand, hyperlipidemia, a condition with high plasma levels of triglyceride and cholesterol, is associated with links to the increased incidence of stroke [32,33]. Hyperlipidemia induced by HFD is a highly prevalent condition in ischemic stroke patients, although it per se is not a direct predictor of ischemic stroke [32] We were aware that these results, epically in body weight, were inconsistent with other studies, which showed that HFD induced obesity and increased body weight in experimental animals [10,20,34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…On the other hand, hyperlipidemia, a condition with high plasma levels of triglyceride and cholesterol, is associated with links to the increased incidence of stroke [32,33]. Hyperlipidemia induced by HFD is a highly prevalent condition in ischemic stroke patients, although it per se is not a direct predictor of ischemic stroke [32] We were aware that these results, epically in body weight, were inconsistent with other studies, which showed that HFD induced obesity and increased body weight in experimental animals [10,20,34]. These differences may be due to the age of animals, experimental models and/or methods used in their experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of High-Fat Diet on Neuronal Damage, Gliosis, Inflammatory Process and Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus Induced by Transient Cerebral Ischemia

et al. 2014

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In this study, we investigated the effects of a normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) on delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient cerebral ischemia. In the HFD-fed gerbils, ischemia-induced hyperactivity was significantly increased and neuronal damage was represented more severely compared to the ND-fed gerbils. Ischemia-induced glial activation was accelerated in the HFD-fed gerbils. Cytokines including interleukin-2 and -4 were more sensitive in the hippocampal CA1 region of the HFD-fed gerbils after ischemia-reperfusion. Additionally, we found that decreased 4-HNE and SODs immunoreactivity and protein levels in the hippocampal CA1 region of the HFD-fed gerbils after ischemia-reperfusion. These results indicate that HFD may lead to the exacerbated effects on ischemia-induced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region after ischemia-reperfusion. These effects of HFD may be associated with more accelerated activations of glial cells and imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and/or antioxidants after transient cerebral ischemia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of High-Fat Diet on Neuronal Damage, Gliosis, Inflammatory Process and Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus Induced by Transient Cerebral Ischemia

et al. 2014

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“…Hyperlipidemia is characterized by increased TC, TG, and LDL-C levels and by decreased HDL-C levels, and is considered to be one of the major risk factors for liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure [19]. Although statins, also known as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, are effective therapies for reducing serum LDL-C levels, they also induce adverse side effects including muscle myopathy and derangements in hepatic function [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of fermented red ginseng against high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats

et al. 2016

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This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of fermented red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; FRG) on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of seven: normal control, NC; high-fat diet control, HFC; high-fat diet–0.5% FRG, HF-FRGL; and high-fat diet–1% FRG, HF-FRGH. All rats were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks, except those in the NC group, while rats in the FRG treatment groups received drinking water containing 0.5% or 1% FRG. After eight weeks of treatment, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the serum were measured. The concentration of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), and activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in rat liver were evaluated. Histological analysis of the liver was performed using hematoxylin and eosin. The high-fat diet markedly increased serum levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, and LDL-C and hepatic MDA levels, while administration of FRG to the hyperlipidemic rats resulted in a significant decline in the levels of these parameters. Furthermore, the decline in the levels of serum HDL-C and hepatic SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px induced by the high-fat diet was attenuated by FRG treatment. In addition, histopathological analysis of liver sections suggested that FRG treatment also provided protection against liver damage. These results suggested that FRG improved lipid profiles, inhibited lipid peroxidation, and played a protective role against liver injury in hyperlipidemic rats.

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“…Serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected by Beckman Coulter synchron LX20 autoanalyzer (Beckman Coulter Inc., United States). The animals with serum TC level >3.87 mmol/L were considered as HL rats and included in the study (Gong et al 2012). Subsequently, normal diet group (fed control diet) and HFD group (HL rat) were, respectively, divided into two subgroups: sham, HL, I/R or HL + I/R group (Fig.…”

Section: Experiments Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperlipidemia exacerbates cerebral injury through oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in MCAO/reperfusion rats

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2015

Exp Brain Res

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Recent studies showed that hyperglycemia enhanced brain damage when subjected to transient cerebral ischemic stroke. However, the etiologic link between them has been less known. In the present study, based on an experimental rat's model of hyperlipidemia combined with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R), we herein showed that hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet (HFD) resulted in considerable increase in serum triglycerides, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and remarkable decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which associated with an exacerbation on neurological deficit, cerebral infarct and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling-positive cells in the ischemic hemisphere of cerebral I/R rats treated with HFD diet. The data showed that serum superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxides content were significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde level was obviously increased by hyperlipidemia or cerebral I/R alone, especially by coexistence of hyperlipidemia and cerebral I/R; meantime, hyperlipidemia also enhanced cerebral I/R-induced protein expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 in the ischemic hemispheres. Furthermore, the combined action of hyperlipidemia and cerebral I/R resulted in a protein increase expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 compared to hyperlipidemia or cerebral I/R alone. Meanwhile, this study also showed that hyperlipidemia significantly enhanced cerebral I/R-induced transfer of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosolic and the protein expressions of Apaf-1 and caspase-3, but also decreased cerebral I/R-induced bcl-2 protein expression. The results reveal that hyperlipidemia exacerbates cerebral I/R-induced injury through the synergistic effect on CYP2E1 induction, which further induces reactive oxygen species formation, oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis by coexistence of hyperlipidemia and cerebral I/R.

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Coexistence of hyperlipidemia and acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induces severe liver damage in a rat model

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of High-Fat Diet on Neuronal Damage, Gliosis, Inflammatory Process and Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus Induced by Transient Cerebral Ischemia

Effects of High-Fat Diet on Neuronal Damage, Gliosis, Inflammatory Process and Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus Induced by Transient Cerebral Ischemia

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of fermented red ginseng against high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats

Hyperlipidemia exacerbates cerebral injury through oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in MCAO/reperfusion rats

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