Coexistence of Microhemorrhages and Acute Spontaneous Brain Hemorrhage: Correlation with Signs of Microangiopathy and Clinical Data

Abstract

The results support a correlation between the presence of imaging signs of cerebral microangiopathy, clinically silent MHs, and acute IPHs.

Antithrombotic Drug Use, Cerebral Microbleeds, and Intracerebral Hemorrhage

“…Patients were recruited and scanned within 24 hours of stroke onset in 3 studies, 1,5,6 and within Ͻ90 days in another 7 studies. [15][16][17][18][19]21,24 Three studies did not specify the delay between symptom onset and imaging. 20,22,23 All studies used GRE MRI to identify MB, although magnet strength, imaging sequences, and slice thickness varied.…”

“…In comparisons of MB frequency in ICH vs IS/TIA within treatment groups, cases were probably better matched. In this analysis, we expected to find an excess of MB in cases with ICH vs cases with IS/TIA in all treatment groups, 4,16,21 but the relative frequency of MB in warfarin-associated ICH was higher than the relative frequency in nonantithrombotic-associated ICH. This, again, is consistent with the hypothesis that MB are markers of increased bleeding risk with warfarin.…”

Association between Carotid Artery Plaque Type and Cerebral Microbleeds

“…Two-dimensional T2*-weighted GRE was performed with flow compensation, with an echo time of 20 msec and a section thickness of 5 mm, in line with conventional settings. [27][28][29] DWI was performed with single-shot spin-echo with 2 diffusion sensitivity values of 0 and 1000 seconds/ mm 2 along the transverse axis. In addition to T2*-weighted GRE and DWI sequences, axial spin-echo T1-weighted images (500 -600/15/2 for TR/TE/excitations) and fast spin-echo T2-weighted images (2200 -3200/80 -120/1,2 for TR/TE/excitations; turbo factor, 24) were also obtained with the same section thickness.…”

Cerebral Microbleeds: Detection, Mechanisms and Clinical Challenges

“…clearly show causative relationships and may not be generalizable to other populations [120,[133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146]. Nonetheless, existing data support the hypothesis that the presence of CMBs increases the risk of ICH as a complication of antithrombotic medication [135,142,145].…”

“…A meta-analysis of published data [120,[133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146] and unpublished data on stroke patient cohorts treated with antithrombotic drugs attempted to systematically bring together the available evidence [147]. Lovelock and coauthors pooled the data of 1461 patients with ICH and 3817 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, and through case-case comparisons, they showed that CMBs are more common in warfarin-related ICH than 'spontaneous' ICH [147].…”