Coffee Consumption and Cardiovascular Diseases – Has the Time Come to Change Dietary Advice? A Mini Review

Abstract

The question whether coffee has a negative or a positive impact on human health has been the topic of much heated debate for years. Nevertheless, recent studies have not only failed to confi rm earlier concerns, but in fact suggested a positive effect of coffee intake. Latest studies revealed that people who drink at least 3 cups of coffee per day are at a lower risk for type 2 diabetes, as well as liver and colon cancer. The reports on a possible correlation between coffee drinking and heart diseases have also generated optimistic results. No adverse associations between coffee consumption and coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension have been found. What is more, some authors demonstrated that coffee drinking may prevent cardiovascular diseases. Composition of coffee is determined by the strength of the brew and brewing methods. Unfi ltered coffee is rich in cholesterol--raising diterpenes, therefore patients with dyslipidemia should be advised to drink fi ltered rather than non-fi ltered coffee. On the other hand coffee contains polyphenols which act as antioxidants, and these compounds are probably responsible for the suggested benefi cial effect of coffee on health. This article summarizes the current literature reports on this controversial topic.

Caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review perspective

“…However, the role of caffeine in the regulation of BP levels is controversial. According to the guidelines for the management of arterial HPT of the European Society of Hypertension (8) and of the European Society of Cardiology (8) , a firm recommendation or discouragement of coffee consumption cannot be issued due to insufficient quality of most studies (8) .…”

Peranan Asam Klorogenat Tanaman Kopi Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Asam Urat dan Beban Oksidatif

“…12,13 Dari sebuah studi terhadap kafein yang dilakukan di Polandia, diketahui bahwa mengkonsumsi kafein sama dengan meminum kopi sebanyak 2 atau 3 gelas dapat menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan darah akut. 14 Namun, ukuran respons pressor yang ditimbulkan oleh kafein bervariasi antara studi dan individu, dari 3/4 ke 15/13 mmHg dan cenderung lebih besar pada penderita hipertensi. 14 Puncak dari efek kafein dalam meningkatkan tekanan darah adalah satu jam setelah mengonsumsi kafein, lalu akan kembali ke awal semula setelah empat jam.…”

“…14 Namun, ukuran respons pressor yang ditimbulkan oleh kafein bervariasi antara studi dan individu, dari 3/4 ke 15/13 mmHg dan cenderung lebih besar pada penderita hipertensi. 14 Puncak dari efek kafein dalam meningkatkan tekanan darah adalah satu jam setelah mengonsumsi kafein, lalu akan kembali ke awal semula setelah empat jam. 14…”

O efeito hedênico no consumo de café no Brasi

“…O efeito do café sobre a fisiologia humana varia de pessoa para pessoa e também na qualidade e quantidade de café consumido (George, Ramalakshmi & Mohan Rao, 2008). Os estudos recentes têm revelado que as pessoas que bebem pelo menos 3 xícaras de café por dia, têm um menor risco de diabetes, câncer de fígado, câncer de cólon, doenças coronarianas também têm apresentado resultados otimistas (Wierzejska, 2016;Martinez, Keun & Siskos, 2016). Os estudos parecem refletir duas abordagens principais que afetam o comportamento de consumo do café: de um lado o ambiente físico e de outro a evocação cognitiva.…”