Coffee Senna (<i>Cassia occidentalis</i>) Competition with Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>)

Higgins, Jeffery M.; Walker, Robert H.; Whitwell, Ted

doi:10.1017/s0043174500026448

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Being allelopathic, it inhibits the germination and growth of other plants. Studies have shown that it has a negative impact on maize (Arora, 2013) and cotton yields (Higgins et al, 1986) and is an alternative host for crop diseases (Suteri et al, 1979). The seeds of S. occidentalis are highly toxic, containing compounds that damage the liver, the vascular system and the heart and lungs of domestic livestock, often leading to death in cattle (Barros et al, 1999), horses (Riet-Correa et al, 1998), goats (Suliman et al, 1982;Suliman and Shommein, 1986), pigs (Martins et al, 1986), poultry (Haraguchi et al, 1998), and rabbits (O'Hara and Pierce, 1974).…”

Section: Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Laikipia

Witt¹

2017

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The impetus for the development of this Field Guide came about as a result of pleas from the community around the village of Doldol, Laikipia County, to initiate a control programme for Australian prickly pear [Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.; Fabaceae], an invasive plant which was having a dramatic impact on livelihoods. However, a number of other exotic plants, which were less widespread, but had the potential of becoming invasive, were not seen as a potential problem. In order to avoid a similar situation from arising in the future, the community expressed a need for a Field Guide, which would include descriptions of naturalized and invasive species already present in, and those that were most likely to invade Laikipia County and, information on how best to manage them. An additional impetus was to contribute to the four main objectives of the National Strategy and Action Plan for the Management of Invasive Species in Kenya's Protected Areas. The Field Guide contributes in some or other way to all of these objectives which are to (i) Enhance awareness of invasive species to relevant actors; (ii) Prevent new invasions, manage established invasions and rehabilitate degraded habitats; (iii) Enhance research, monitoring and information management on invasive species; and (iv) Enhance capacity, resource mobilization and coordination. Extensive surveys revealed the presence of a number of introduced plant species which had escaped cultivation and established populations in the 'wild' to the detriment of natural resources and the people that depend on them. Introduced succulents, especially those in the genus Opuntia (Cactaceae), were found to be the most widespread and abundant invasive species in the semi-arid regions in the north and east of Laikipia County. Other succulents, those in the genus Bryophyllum (Crassulaceae), were also found to have escaped cultivation and were locally abundant. In the higher rainfall areas to the west and southwest, introduced trees such as black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.; Fabaceae) and Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon R. Br.; Fabaceae) and the shrubs/climbers, Mauritius thorn [Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston; Fabaceae] and yellow cestrum (Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl.; Solanaceae), were invasive. Introduced plants, which have the potential to become problematic in Laikipia, unless eradicated or controlled, have also been included in the Guide. This includes species such as famine weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.; Asteraceae) and 'mathenge' [Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.; Fabaceae], which are already abundant in areas adjoining the County.

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Section: Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Laikipia

Witt¹

2017

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“…population and cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)] yield (17), cotton yield showed a four-fold difference in the effect of each addi tional coffee senna plant between the 2 yr at one location, more than a sixfold difference between years at the same location, and a two-to three -«0 fold difference between the two locations in the same year. Similarly, the relationship between velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.…”

Section: Casoc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Crop Yield Reductions from Weeds

Aldrich

1987

Weed technol.

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Predicting crop yield reductions from weeds continues to challenge weed science. Useful methods based upon weed densities and upon area weeds influence have been developed. Results vary greatly from year to year and location to location for several reasons which are reviewed: 1) the shift in crop yield from a weed density-dependent to a weed density-independent relationship; 2) the effect of density on essential growth factor competed for; 3) differences among weed species in relative competitiveness for essential growth factors; 4) the differential effect of environmental conditions on the competitiveness of weed species; and 5) the effect of time of emergence on competition. To reduce the variability in prediction methods will necessitate developing a method based upon the factor(s) responsible for yield reduction.

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“…Tall morningglory [I. purpurea (L.) Roth], entireleaf morningglory (I. he{Jeracea var. illtegriuscula Gray), ivyleaf morningglory, and pitted morningglory (I. lacullosa L.) densities of 8 weeds/IS m of row reduced cotton yield 19,9,6, and 30/0, respectively. At densities of 32 weeds/IS ill, those species reduced yield 88, 50,44, and 44%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ivyleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) Interference with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

1996

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Full-season interference and critical duration of early-season ivyleaf morningglory interference with cotton were measured in experiments at two Oklahoma locations. Densities ranging from 0 to 64 weeds/10 m of row were evaluated for their effects on cotton lint yield, fiber quality, and harvest efficiency. Analyses using linear-linear regression proved superior to linear, curvilinear, and linear-plateau models. Lint yield reductions of 36.9 kg/ha (or 5.9%) were recorded at Perkins for each weed/10 m up to 8.7. At densities greater than 8.7/10 m, yield was reduced an additional 3.0 kg/ha (0.5%) for each additional weed. At Chickasha, lint yield was reduced 29.7 kg/ha (or 3.9%) for each weed/10 m up to 9.0 with an additional lint loss of 3.6 kg/ha (0.7%) for each weed above the density of 9.0/10 m. Yield losses were over 80% before fiber length was also reduced. Mechanical harvest was not possible at densities above 8 weeds/10 m at Chickasha and above 16 weeds/10 m at Perkins. In critical duration experiments conducted at Perkins, lint yield was reduced 52.9 kg/ha (or 11.2%) for each week weed removal was delayed up to 9.5 wk. An additional 1.0 kg/ha (0.2%) was lost for each week of interference after 9.5 wk. At Chickasha, lint yield was reduced 49.0 kg/ha (or 7.8%) for each week of interference up to 11.0 wk with an additional loss of 1.2 kg/ha (0.2%) for each week thereafter.

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Coffee Senna (Cassia occidentalis) Competition with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Laikipia

Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Laikipia

Predicting Crop Yield Reductions from Weeds

Ivyleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) Interference with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

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