Cognition and Mental Health in Pediatric Patients Following COVID-19

Avittan, Hadar; Kustovs, Dmitrijs

doi:10.3390/ijerph20065061

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Currently, it is still not possible to explain how severe COVID-19 and MIS-C occur, especially in children who have come into contact with people with COVID-19. Therefore, for high-risk children and adolescents who become positive for SARS-CoV-2 following contact with patients with COVID-19, appropriate multidisciplinary management measures for several months are required [ 32 , 64 , 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Long Covid Impact On the Health Of Children And Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection, Dysbiosis and Inflammation Interplay in the COVID Era in Children

Ailioaie

Litscher³

2023

IJMS

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For over three years, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children and adolescents has generated repercussions, especially a few weeks after infection, for symptomatic patients who tested positive, for asymptomatic ones, or even just the contacts of an infected person, and evolved from severe forms such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) to multifarious clinical manifestations in long COVID (LC). Referred to under the umbrella term LC, the onset of persistent and highly heterogeneous symptoms such as fatigue, post-exertion malaise, cognitive dysfunction, and others have a major impact on the child’s daily quality of life for months. The first aim of this review was to highlight the circumstances of the pathophysiological changes produced by COVID-19 in children and to better understand the hyperinflammation in COVID-19 and how MIS-C, as a life-threatening condition, could have been avoided in some patients. Another goal was to better identify the interplay between infection, dysbiosis, and inflammation at a molecular and cellular level, to better guide scientists, physicians, and pediatricians to advance new lines of medical action to avoid the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The third objective was to identify symptoms and their connection to molecular pathways to recognize LC more easily. The fourth purpose was to connect the triggering factors of LC with related sequelae following acute SARS-CoV-2 injuries to systems and organs, the persistence of the virus, and some of its components in hidden reservoirs, including the gut and the central nervous system. The reactivation of other latent infectious agents in the host’s immune environments, the interaction of this virus with the microbiome, immune hyperactivation, and autoimmunity generated by molecular mimicry between viral agents and host proteins, could initiate a targeted and individualized management. New high-tech solutions, molecules, probiotics, and others should be discovered to innovatively solve the interplay between RNA persistent viruses, microbiota, and our immune system.

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Section: Long Covid Impact On the Health Of Children And Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection, Dysbiosis and Inflammation Interplay in the COVID Era in Children

Ailioaie

Litscher³

2023

IJMS

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“…In a case-control study of 25 children aged 12 to 17 years, significant impairment was found in memory, attention, visual gnosis, visual-spatial function, kinesthetic and dynamic praxis, and verbal and non-verbal components of thinking both 1–2 weeks after the acute phase and 2–12 months later [ 17 ]. A recent narrative review has reported that anxiety, sleep problems, and deficits in memory and concentration are the main long-term complaints in children after COVID-19 [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neuropsychiatric Assessment of Children with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Scarselli

Calderoni

Terrinoni

et al. 2023

JCM

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Aim: Concerns have been raised about possible neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19. The objective of this study was to examine the plausibility of long-term mental health consequences of COVID-19 by assessing a sample of children after the resolution of the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Method: As part of a systematic follow-up assessment of pediatric patients with COVID-19 conducted at two university children’s hospitals, 50 children (56% males) aged 8 to 17 years (median 11.5), 26% with previous multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), without a prior history of neuropsychiatric disorders, received a battery of clinical neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological rating scales that included the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment (PedMIDAS), Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC-2), Child Depression Inventory (CDI-2), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the NEPSY II (Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition). The assessments were conducted between 1 and 18 months (median 8 months) after the acute infection. Results: The CBCL internalizing symptoms score was in the clinical range for 40% of the participants (vs. a population expected rate of about 10%, p < 0.001). A sleep disturbance was detected in 28%, clinically significant anxiety in 48%, and depressive symptoms in 16%. The NEPSY II scores showed impairment in attention and other executive functions in 52%, and memory deficits in 40% of the children. Conclusions: These data from direct assessment of a sample of children who had SARS-CoV-2 infection show higher than expected rates of neuropsychiatric symptoms, thus supporting the possibility that COVID-19 may have mental health sequelae long after the resolution of the acute infection.

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“…The commonest include fatigue, breathing difficulties, headaches, myalgia or arthralgia, sleep disturbance, rhinorrhea, coughing, anosmia or dysgeusia, and sensory problems. 6 – 8 These symptoms can affect daily routine and school attendance. 9 This is particularly relevant for CYP as it can impact their education, development and wellbeing, health-related quality of life, and participation in social activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This understanding can support the development of strategies and treatments to reduce the impact on CYP 13 and the development of information for use in education, children’s support services, and health and social care. 8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This encompasses the clinical definitions of ongoing symptomatic (or post-acute) Covid-19, where symptoms continue 4-12 weeks after initial onset, and post-Covid-19 syndrome, where symptoms last more than 12 weeks 5 . Multiple symptoms have been described in children and young people (CYP) living with Long Covid; the commonest include fatigue, breathing difficulties, headaches, myalgia/arthralgia, sleep disturbance, rhinorrhea, coughing, anosmia/dysgeusia, and sensory problems 6,7,8 . These symptoms can affect daily routine and school attendance 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiences and care needs of children with long COVID: a qualitative study

Faux-Nightingale,

Saunders,

Burton

et al. 2023

BJGP Open

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BackgroundLong Covid, the patient-preferred term, describes symptoms persisting after an acute episode of Covid-19 infection. Symptoms in children and young people (CYP) can affect daily routine, with broader impacts on education, health-related quality of life, and social activities, which may have long term effects on health and wellbeing.AimTo explore the lived experiences and care needs of CYP with Long Covid from the perspectives of CYP with Long Covid, their parents, and professionals associated with the care of children and families living with Long Covid.Design & SettingCYP and their parent/carer were invited for interview following participation in a cohort study, which recruited from a primary care setting.MethodInterviews were carried out with four CYP with Long Covid (all female, aged 10–17 years), three interviews included a parent. Two focus groups were conducted, which included seven professionals involved with care of CYP or Long Covid, from a range of disciplines. Interviews and focus groups were transcribed verbatim, and data analysed thematically using constant comparison techniques.ResultsThe main themes presented are Living with Long Covid; Uncertainty surrounding Long Covid; and Seeking help for symptoms.ConclusionsLong Covid can severely impact the lives of CYP and their families. CYP and their families need to be listened to by professionals and have any uncertainties acknowledged. It is imperative that agencies working with them understand the condition, its impact, and are able to offer support where needed.

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Cognition and Mental Health in Pediatric Patients Following COVID-19

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Infection, Dysbiosis and Inflammation Interplay in the COVID Era in Children

Infection, Dysbiosis and Inflammation Interplay in the COVID Era in Children

A Neuropsychiatric Assessment of Children with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Experiences and care needs of children with long COVID: a qualitative study

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