Cognitive and affective development in adolescence

Steinberg, Laurence

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.005

Cited by 2,232 publications

(1,733 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…That adolescents engage in more risk-taking than adults have previously led to the hypothesis that adolescents are poor decision-makers, lacking in cognitive skills and understanding of consequences. More recent studies indicate that adolescents do not lack in perception or appraisal of risk, but that risk-taking is largely influenced by emotions and psychosocial factors, and cannot be completely understood in terms of cognitive processes during low emotions or arousal (Steinberg and Morris 2001;Steinberg 2004Steinberg , 2005. This fits with the present findings, where participants believed they would benefit from taking precautions, yet finding motivation was difficult.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Psychosocial Aspects of Predictive Genetic Testing for Acute Intermittent Porphyria in Norwegian Minors

et al. 2011

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Objective: The Norwegian Porphyria Centre routinely offers genetic counselling and predictive genetic testing in families diagnosed with porphyria. The aim of this study was to investigate the subjective experiences of adolescents and young adults who were genetically tested for acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) as minors. What were the psychosocial consequences and how were these handled?Methods: Qualitative interviews of ten Norwegians aged 16-21 years were performed and analysed based on interpretive description. All participants were initially predictively tested for AIP as minors, but three had subsequently developed manifest disease.Results: The participants considered early diagnosis and lifestyle moderation advantageous, but finding motivation for precaution was difficult. AIP inflicted few psychosocial challenges and was a small part of the participants' identity, but risk of manifest disease was, nevertheless, a cause for concern for two participants with latent AIP. The participants were content with their present level of knowledge and they felt capable of obtaining relevant information when needed. AIP was experienced as a vague condition, and participants and their relatives attributed a variety of symptoms to the disease. Conclusion and implications:Being genetically tested as a minor was experienced as useful and entailed relatively few adverse psychosocial consequences, although there was a potential for concern. Appropriate and individually tailored genetic counselling and written consent is subsequently advised. What constitutes a suitable age for testing will differ from individual to individual, but these results suggest that parents in collaboration with their children may be suited to decide what age is appropriate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Psychosocial Aspects of Predictive Genetic Testing for Acute Intermittent Porphyria in Norwegian Minors

et al. 2011

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“…Such literature on decision-making has ascribed poor adolescent decisional abilities as being due to incomplete maturational brain development at this stage in the adolescent's life (Steinberg, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-Making, Cognitive Distortions and Alcohol Use in Adolescent Problem and Non-problem Gamblers: An Experimental Study

et al. 2016

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In the psychological literature, many studies have investigated the neuropsychological and behavioral changes that occur developmentally during adolescence. These studies have consistently observed a deficit in the decision-making ability of children and adolescents. This deficit has been ascribed to incomplete brain development. The same deficit has also been observed in adult problem and pathological gamblers. However, to date, no study has examined decision-making in adolescents with and without gambling problems. Furthermore, no study has ever examined associations between problem gambling, decision-making, cognitive distortions and alcohol use in youth. To address these issues, 104 male adolescents participated in this study. They were equally divided in two groups, problem gamblers and non-problem gamblers, based on South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents scores. All participants performed the Iowa Gambling Task and completed the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Adolescent problem gamblers displayed impaired decision-making, reported high cognitive distortions, and had more problematic alcohol use compared to non-problem gamblers. Strong correlations between problem gambling, alcohol use, and cognitive distortions were observed. Decision-making correlated with interpretative bias. This study demonstrated that adolescent problem gamblers appear to have the same psychological profile as adult problem gamblers and that gambling involvement can negatively impact on decisionmaking ability that, in adolescence, is still developing. The correlations between interpretative bias and decision-making suggested that the beliefs in the ability to influence gambling outcomes may facilitate decisionmaking impairment.

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“…Enabled by the growing accessibility and declining cost of structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and other imaging techniques, such as Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), an expanding network of scientists have begun to map out the course of changes in brain structure between childhood and adulthood, describe age differences in brain activity during this period of development, and, to a more modest degree, link findings on the changing morphology and functioning of the brain to age differences in behavior. Although it is wise to heed the cautions of those who have raised concerns about "brain overclaim" (Morse, 2006), there is no doubt that our understanding of the neural underpinnings of adolescent psychological development is shaping -and reshaping -the ways in which developmental scientists think about normative (Steinberg, 2005) and atypical (Steinberg, Dahl, Keating, Kupfer, Masten, & Pine, 2006) …”

Section: Advances In the Developmental Neuroscience Of Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking

Steinberg¹

2008

Developmental Review

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This article proposes a framework for theory and research on risk-taking that is informed by developmental neuroscience. Two fundamental questions motivate this review. First, why does risktaking increase between childhood and adolescence? Second, why does risk-taking decline between adolescence and adulthood? Risk-taking increases between childhood and adolescence as a result of changes around the time of puberty in the brain's socio-emotional system leading to increased rewardseeking, especially in the presence of peers, fueled mainly by a dramatic remodeling of the brain's dopaminergic system. Risk-taking declines between adolescence and adulthood because of changes in the brain's cognitive control system -changes which improve individuals' capacity for selfregulation. These changes occur across adolescence and young adulthood and are seen in structural and functional changes within the prefrontal cortex and its connections to other brain regions. The differing timetables of these changes make mid-adolescence a time of heightened vulnerability to risky and reckless behavior.

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Cognitive and affective development in adolescence

Cited by 2,232 publications

References 55 publications

Psychosocial Aspects of Predictive Genetic Testing for Acute Intermittent Porphyria in Norwegian Minors

Psychosocial Aspects of Predictive Genetic Testing for Acute Intermittent Porphyria in Norwegian Minors

Decision-Making, Cognitive Distortions and Alcohol Use in Adolescent Problem and Non-problem Gamblers: An Experimental Study

A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking

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