Cognitive and Behavioral Deficits Associated With Parental Alcohol Use

Weinberg, Naimah Z.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199709000-00009

Cited by 130 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…19,20 Changing patterns of alcohol use in the general population over time also alter the generalizability of findings. It has been suggested that women underreport prenatal alcohol use when they are interviewed during pregnancy, compared with interviews conducted retrospectively after delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Childhood Behavior at Age 6 to 7 Years: I. Dose-Response Effect

Sood¹,

Delaney‐Black²,

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT.Objective. Moderate to heavy levels of prenatal alcohol exposure have been associated with alterations in child behavior, but limited data are available on adverse effects after low levels of exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response effect of prenatal alcohol exposure for adverse child behavior outcomes at 6 to 7 years of age.Methods. Beginning in 1986, women attending the urban university-based maternity clinic were routinely screened at their first prenatal visit for alcohol and drug use by trained research assistants from the Fetal Alcohol Research Center. All women reporting alcohol consumption at conception of at least 0.5 oz absolute alcohol/day and a 5% random sample of lower level drinkers and abstainers were invited to participate to be able to identify the associations between alcohol intake and child development. Maternal alcohol, cigarette, and illicit drug use were prospectively assessed during pregnancy and postnatally. The independent variable in this study, prenatal alcohol exposure, was computed as the average absolute alcohol intake (oz) per day across pregnancy. At each prenatal visit, mothers were interviewed about alcohol use during the previous 2 weeks. Quantities and types of alcohol consumed were converted to fluid ounces of absolute alcohol and averaged across visits to generate a summary measure of alcohol exposure throughout pregnancy. Alcohol was initially used as a dichotomous variable comparing children with no prenatal alcohol exposure to children with any exposure. To evaluate the effects of different levels of exposure, the average absolute alcohol intake was relatively arbitrarily categorized into no, low (>0 but <0.3 fl oz of absolute alcohol/day), and moderate/heavy (>0.3 fl oz of absolute alcohol/day) for the purpose of this study. Six years later, 665 families were contacted. Ninety-four percent agreed to testing. Exclusions included children who missed multiple test appointments, had major congenital malformations (other than fetal alcohol syndrome), possessed an IQ >2 standard deviations from the sample mean, or had incomplete data. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess child behavior. The CBCL is a parent questionnaire applicable to children ages 4 to 16 years. It is widely used in the clinical assessment of children's behavior problems and has been extensively used in research. Eight syndrome scales are further grouped into Externalizing or undercontrolled (Aggressive and Delinquent) behavior and Internalizing or overcontrolled (Anxious/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, and Withdrawn) behaviors. Three syndromes (Social, Thought, and Attention Problems) fit neither group. Higher scores are associated with more problem behaviors. Research assistants who were trained and blinded to exposure status independently interviewed the child and caretaker. Data were collected on a broad range of control variables known to influence childhood behavior and/or to be associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. These included...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Childhood Behavior at Age 6 to 7 Years: I. Dose-Response Effect

Sood¹,

Delaney‐Black²,

et al. 2001

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“…A FAMILY HISTORY (FH) of alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) has repeatedly been demonstrated as a risk factor for personal AUD (e.g., Schuckit et al, 1972), and parental AUD has been linked to several cognitive anomalies in nondrinking offspring (Weinberg, 1997). Spatial defi cits have been observed in preschool children (Schandler et al, 1995), nondrinking adolescents (Ozkaragoz and Noble, 1995), and nondependent adult children of alcoholic individuals (Garland et al, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Family History of Alcohol-Use Disorders and Spatial Working Memory: Effects on Adolescent Alcohol Expectancies

Pulido

Anderson²,

Armstead³

et al. 2009

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Family history (FH) of alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) has been associated with frontal lobe defi cits, more positive expectations for alcohol effects, and increased risk of developing AUDs. We tested the hypothesis that anterior brain regions mediate the relationship between FH of AUDs and alcohol expectancies in adolescents. Method: Nondrinking adolescents (N = 50) ages 12-14 completed measures of FH of AUDs, alcohol expectancies, and substance use and performed spatial working memory and vigilance tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Activation of the anterior cingulate signifi cantly predicted alcohol expectancies (R 2 Δ = 9%, β = .32, F change = 6.09, 1/43 df, p < .05). However, FH of AUDs was not associated with brain response or alcohol expectancies. Conclusions: Although a mediational model was not supported, activation in the anterior cingulate was linked to alcohol expectancies, such that adolescents with less neural differentiation to task demands had more positive expectancies for alcohol's effects. These results provide a greater understanding of the interrelations among risk factors for AUD and point to individuals who might be targeted for early, cognitively based interventions. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 70: [87][88][89][90][91] 2009)

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“…Several important chemical, endocrine, and immunological functions o f the fetal brain can also be affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol (Weinberg, 1997). Other physical abnormalities which may point to the effect o f a mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy may be seen in the ears, eyes, mouth, heart, liver, skeletal system, and urogenital systems (Morse, 1993).…”

Section: Burgess and Streissguth Further Noted That Fetal Alcohol Effmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further complicate the picture, Morse described the variability in the performance o f children with FAS/E, with them often performing a particular task successftilly one day but being unable to complete it the next (see also Olson et al, 1997;Weinberg, 1997). claimed that FAS should not necessarily be considered to be more severe than FAE, because there is often little difference between the cognitive and behavioral characteristics o f individuals with these two conditions.…”

Section: Burgess and Streissguth Further Noted That Fetal Alcohol Effmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many researchers now recommend routinely collecting information on possible prenatal exposure to alcohol when any student displays cognitive impairment o f unknown etiology (Mattson et al, 1998;Shaywitz et al, 1980;Weinberg, 1997). To help identify clients who may have FAS/E, questionnaires have been developed, such as the Fetal Alcohol…”

Section: Burgess and Streissguth Further Noted That Fetal Alcohol Effmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An adolescent student with fetal alcohol effect and learning disabilities: Tutoring in written language.

Johnson¹

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Cognitive and Behavioral Deficits Associated With Parental Alcohol Use

Cited by 130 publications

References 33 publications

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Childhood Behavior at Age 6 to 7 Years: I. Dose-Response Effect

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Childhood Behavior at Age 6 to 7 Years: I. Dose-Response Effect

Family History of Alcohol-Use Disorders and Spatial Working Memory: Effects on Adolescent Alcohol Expectancies

An adolescent student with fetal alcohol effect and learning disabilities: Tutoring in written language.

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