Cognitive and Educational Interventions for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by HIV/AIDS: A Meta‐Analysis

Thomas, Tina; Ahmed, Yusra; Tan, Mei; Grigorenko, Elena L.

doi:10.1111/cdev.13438

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Whereas previous studies have shown that age of CALHIV has a significant influence on VL suppression [6,16], in this study, there is no significant difference between VL suppression levels in all age-groups in comparison to the reference level of 1-4 years. This finding is similar to those from a systematic review and meta-analysis examining cognitive and educational interventions for OVC affected by HIV/AIDS by mention authors [17]. In our study, we found that interventions targeting educational outcomes had a significant effect on VL suppression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Factors associated with viral load suppression among orphans and vulnerable children and adolescents living with HIV in Kenya

Onyango

Mokaya

Wasianga

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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While tremendous progress has been made on attaining HIV treatment goals (95-95-95), children’s viral load suppression remains a challenge particularly among the orphans and vulnerable groups. In Sub Saharan Africa, there is limited evidence of specific interventions in orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) programs to support children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) to attain durable viral load suppression. Through a large OVC cohort, the study sought to identify correlates of optimal viral load suppression among CALHIV in the Kenya OVC program. This cross-sectional study utilized data on CALHIV below the age of 18 years who were enrolled in the OVC program and actively receiving HIV care and treatment services from ART clinics across Kenya and with documented VL results between October 2019 and September 2020. To obtain a nationally representative sample, data was retrieved from USAID implementing partners’ databases across the country. Association between selected variables and VL suppression (outcome of interest) were assessed using a multivariate mixed effect logistic regression model, using glmer function in the LME4 package in R. Factors associated with VL suppression included child’s education status (aOR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.65), membership of a psychosocial support group (aOR = 1.258; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.38), and membership of a voluntary savings and lending association (VSLA) (aOR = 1.226; 95% CI: 1.129, 1.33). In addition, child’s sex (aOR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94), caregiver sex (aOR = 0.909; 95% CI: 0.839, 0.997) and “high” status for caregiver household vulnerability (aOR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.924), had an inverse relationship with VL suppression. CALHIV characteristics including child’s sex, child’s education status (whether currently active in school or inactive) and child’s membership in a psychosocial support group were key determinants of VL suppression. Similarly, caregiver sex and membership in a voluntary savings and lending association also influence VL suppression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Factors associated with viral load suppression among orphans and vulnerable children and adolescents living with HIV in Kenya

Onyango

Mokaya

Wasianga

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…According to Banstola, Ogino and Inoue (2020), "self-esteem is an important aspect of mental health and it is believed to be one of the predictive factors for the psychological well-being of adolescents in their unique period of identity development" (p. 1). Indeed, many other previous studies have also found that, adequate psychosocial and educational support services offered to children and adolescents orphaned due to HIV and AIDS enabled them to fare well emotionally, socially, psychologically and academically (Muriuki, Andoh, Newth, Blackett-Dibinga, & Biti, 2016;Sitienei & Pillay, 2019b;Thomas, Ahmed, Tan, & Grigorenko, 2021;Visser, Zungu, & Ndala-Magoro, 2015). The Community and Youth Development Worker describes the psychosocial support programme offered through his sector as the one that provides group therapy activities for adolescents orphaned due to AIDS and other vulnerable children within the community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploration of Community-Based Services and Resources Available to Boost the Capabilities of AIDS-Orphaned Adolescents and Primary Caregivers to Achieve Emotional and Psychosocial Wellbeing

Tsweleng¹

2023

JSS

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Children and families affected by Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) often struggle to achieve their valuable goals due to experiences of stigma and discrimination, lack of socioeconomic support, and unattended grief among others. Research shows that, such experiences have been found to be associated with the mental health problems individuals affected by AIDS often suffers. The current study explored community-based services and resources available to assist AIDS-orphaned adolescents and primary caregivers to achieve emotional and psychosocial wellbeing. The exploration was based on the narratives of stakeholders who provides services within the Health, Social, Education, and Community and Youth Development Work sectors to meet the needs of orphans and vulnerable children and their primary caregivers. The study used a qualitative methodological framework with narrative inquiry approach. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 6 purposefully selected stakeholders. Results shows that the majority of stakeholders provided psychosocial and educational services-mainly to orphans. These services, which were adequately rendered, included bereavement counselling, regular assistance with homework and other school projects, home visits, provision of school uniform as per need, group therapy, and life skills activities. It was further stated that the services have made a visible positive impact on the socio-emotional and cognitive functioning of the orphans. For example, most of these orphans consistently participated in sports, extra-mural life skills programmes, and performed highly academically. Some stakeholders' services were aimed at providing relevant support to How to cite this paper: Tsweleng, M. P.

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“…The shock of maternal recent HIV diagnosis may have placed a major burden on these families, compounded by risk drivers which may have accounted for the HIV exposure in the first place, such as economic and food insecurity, or mental health struggles. This indicates that affected families may profit from additional support, including early cognitive interventions for infants10 43 and emotional and social support for mothers at the time of and following diagnosis. Furthermore, these mothers may need to be fast-tracked into services, given the particular double vulnerability of HIV and teen pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of children born to young mothers with no, first- or second-generation HIV acquisition in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe intergenerational effects of HIV require long-term investigation. We compared developmental outcomes of different generations impacted by HIV—children of mothers not living with HIV, the ‘second generation’ (ie, with recently infected mothers) and the ‘third generation’ (ie, children of perinatally infected mothers).MethodsA cross-sectional community sample of N=1015 young mothers (12–25 years) and their first children (2–68 months, 48.2% female), from South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. 71.3% (n=724) of children were born to mothers not living with HIV; 2.7% (n=27; 1 living with HIV) were third-generation and 26.0% (n=264; 11 living with HIV) second-generation children. Child scores on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), the WHO Ten Questions Screen for Disability and maternal demographics were compared between groups using χ2tests and univariate approach, analysis of variance analysis. Hierarchical linear regressions investigated predictive effects of familial HIV infection patterns on child MSEL composite scores, controlling for demographic and family environment variables.ResultsSecond-generation children performed poorer on gross (M=47.0, SD=13.1) and fine motor functioning (M=41.4, SD=15.2) and the MSEL composite score (M=90.6, SD=23.0) than children with non-infected mothers (gross motor: M=50.4, SD=12.3; fine motor: M=44.4, SD=14.1; composite score: M=94.1, SD=20.7). The third generation performed at similar levels to non-exposed children (gross motor: M=52.4, SD=16.1; fine motor: M=44.3, SD=16.1, composite score: M=94.7, SD=22.2), though analyses were underpowered for definite conclusions. Hierarchical regression analyses suggest marginal predictive effects of being second-generation child compared with having a mother not living with HIV (B=−3.3, 95% CI=−6.8 to 0 .1) on MSEL total scores, and non-significant predictive effects of being a third-generation child (B=1.1, 5% CI=−7.5 to 9.7) when controlling for covariates. No group differences were found for disability rates (26.9% third generation, 27.7% second generation, 26.2% non-exposed; χ2=0.02, p=0.90).ConclusionRecently infected mothers and their children may struggle due to the disruptiveness of new HIV diagnoses and incomplete access to care/support during pregnancy and early motherhood. Long-standing familial HIV infection may facilitate care pathways and coping, explaining similar cognitive development among not exposed and third-generation children. Targeted intervention and fast-tracking into services may improve maternal mental health and socioeconomic support.

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Cognitive and Educational Interventions for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by HIV/AIDS: A Meta‐Analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 113 publications

Factors associated with viral load suppression among orphans and vulnerable children and adolescents living with HIV in Kenya

Factors associated with viral load suppression among orphans and vulnerable children and adolescents living with HIV in Kenya

An Exploration of Community-Based Services and Resources Available to Boost the Capabilities of AIDS-Orphaned Adolescents and Primary Caregivers to Achieve Emotional and Psychosocial Wellbeing

The development of children born to young mothers with no, first- or second-generation HIV acquisition in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa: a cross-sectional study

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