“…In order to measure empathy, this study used the 20-item Basic Empathy Scale, which is a self-report tool that was originally developed by Jolliffe and Farrington [28], and later translated into Korean, revised, and improved by Kang and Lee [29]. Responses are made on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree), and the scale comprises nine items assessing the cognitive element (3,6,9,10,12,14,16,19,20) and 11 items assessing the emotional element (1,2,4,5,7,8,11,13,15,17,18). In Lee's [30] study of people with schizophrenia, the Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.80.…”