Cognitive appraisal, Coping, Stress and Fear Contracting Covid-19 in Working People in Pakistan

Ali, Anam; Khan, Ali Asad; Abbas, Sadia; Khan, A.S.M.; Ullah, Ehsan

doi:10.1007/s10942-021-00433-z

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Results also revealed that father and mother's education was negatively correlated with stress of COVID‐19 which means that as education increases, stress related to child with disability due to pandemic decreases. This finding can be supported by a study who reported that there was significant negative correlation between education and stress in working people during COVID‐19 17 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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Preventive practices and parents' psychological health of children with disabilities after COVID‐19 lockdown in Pakistan

Ali

Nauman

Maqbool

2023

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Aim: To find out differences in mental health outcomes between parents of children with different disabilities due to COVID-19 by determining the relationship between preventive practices, fear and stress in parents of disabled children. Methods: A sample of 213 parents, whose children with disabilities (age range 1-16 years) were previously on regular follow-up before pandemic but did not take therapy for 1 year or more during COVID-19 lockdown and resumed sessions after a gap period, was surveyed. Perceived stress scale, fear and adherence to preventive measures questionnaire (developed by researchers) were used to measure stress, fear response of parents due to COVID-19 and preventive measures practiced by disabled children respectively. Results: Parents who had financial difficulties and believed their disabled children had more chance of getting COVID-19 were more stressed. Parents who received any help from community/government were less stressed. One-way analysis of variance showed parents of cerebral palsy (CP) children reported more stress of COVID-19 as compared to parents of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), global developmental delay (GDD) and intellectual disability (ID). Parents of ID children reported more stress than ASD. Parents of CP children had more fear of loss of family members or getting infected with COVID-19 than GDD parents. ASD, GDD and CP children adhered more to preventive measures than ID children; however, CP children adhered more to preventive measures than GDD children. Conclusion: COVID-19 lockdown has persisting impact on mental health of parents of disabled children. Those parents experienced increased levels of stress and fear but reported adherence to preventive measures depending on the child's disability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Higher score on PSS was indicative of higher perceived stress due to COVID‐19 20 . Cronbach's alpha of the tool was 0.88 17 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive practices and parents' psychological health of children with disabilities after COVID‐19 lockdown in Pakistan

Ali

Nauman

Maqbool

2023

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…Therefore, convincing oneself that it is not worth worrying about the existing problem (reappraised) can be a more usable strategy under certain uncontrolled conditions like lockdown (Kalokerinos, Greenaway & Denson, 2015 ). Active emotional coping as well as control‐self appraisal coping significantly negatively predicted COVID‐19 related stress and fear (Ali, Khan, Abbas, Khan & Ullah, 2021 ). Other research proved that among COVID‐19 isolated people cognitive reappraisal negatively moderated the relationship between anxiety symptoms and perceived stress (Xu, Xu, Xu et al ., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress appraisal as a mediator between the sense of coherence and the frequency of stress coping strategies in women and men duringCOVID‐19 lockdown

Lelek-Kratiuk

Szczygieł

2022

Scandinavian J Psychology

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The COVID‐19 lockdown experience is a unique and unexpected stressful life situation. In our research project, we explored gender differences in the mean level of stress appraisal (SAQ), the frequency of stress coping strategies (COPE), and the sense of coherence (SOC), as well as gender differences in the strength of the relationships between SAQ, COPE, and SOC during the COVID‐19 lockdown. Finally, we tested if stressor appraisal (as a threat, harm/loss, or challenge) mediates the relationship between SOC and COPE in women and men respectively. Data were collected during the first wave of the COVID‐19 lockdown in Poland in 2020. An online survey was conducted among 326 adults aged between 18 and 72. We observed gender differences in the level of SAQ, COPE, and SOC and gender differences in the significance and strength of the correlations between these variables. SOC had a twofold effect on COPE in men: direct and indirect through SOC‐threat and SOC‐harm/loss. In women, SOC did not directly predict COPE frequency but affected COPE in an indirect way through SAQ. SAQ is an important factor that modifies the strength of the SOC effect on COPE in women and men during the lockdown.

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“…The primary appraisal model suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic is an environmental stressor because it causes negative experiences such as lockdown, quarantine, infective sequelae, etc. [ 22 , 27 , 28 ]. Encountering the COVID-19 pandemic fortifies stress stemming from the risk of contracting COVID-19 among the IUCC [ 28 ].…”

Section: Conceptual Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 22 , 27 , 28 ]. Encountering the COVID-19 pandemic fortifies stress stemming from the risk of contracting COVID-19 among the IUCC [ 28 ]. For the IUCC, the stress is processed through primary appraisal [ 29 ].…”

Section: Conceptual Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age Differences in Psychological Antecedents and Behavioral Consequences of Stigmatization Associated with COVID-19 among Koreans

Kang

2022

IJERPH

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The first goal of this study is to develop a conceptual model of the causal relationship between psychological antecedents (internal attribution, anger, dangerousness, fear) of stigmatization, stigmatization (public stigma, anticipated stigma), and the behavioral consequences (compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, COVID-19 testing intention) of stigmatization associated with COVID-19. The second goal of the study is to investigate the age differences in the conceptual model between younger and older adults unconfirmed with COVID-19 in Korea. After building the model based on previous studies, an online survey was conducted with Koreans in their 20s (n = 300, females: 50%) and 60s (n = 300, females: 50%) who had not been confirmed with COVID-19. The results revealed that for participants in their 20s and 60s, their internal attribution of COVID-19 infection to individuals confirmed with COVID-19 enhanced their anger at the individuals. Afterward, their anger increased their anticipated stigma of being confirmed with COVID-19 through enhancing the public stigma of the individuals confirmed with COVID-19. Unexpectedly, the fear of individuals confirmed with COVID-19 elicited by the dangerousness of the individuals had no effect on the public stigma of the individuals among participants in their 20s and 60s. The fear directly enhanced their compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Next, for participants in their 20s, their anticipated stigma increased their compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, but not their COVID-19 testing intention. However, the anticipated stigma did not affect both the compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines and COVID-19 testing intention among participants in their 60s. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.

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Cognitive appraisal, Coping, Stress and Fear Contracting Covid-19 in Working People in Pakistan

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Preventive practices and parents' psychological health of children with disabilities after COVID‐19 lockdown in Pakistan

Preventive practices and parents' psychological health of children with disabilities after COVID‐19 lockdown in Pakistan

Stress appraisal as a mediator between the sense of coherence and the frequency of stress coping strategies in women and men duringCOVID‐19 lockdown

Age Differences in Psychological Antecedents and Behavioral Consequences of Stigmatization Associated with COVID-19 among Koreans

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