Cognitive appraisals and emotional status following a spinal cord injury in post-acute rehabilitation

Eaton, Rebecca; Jones, Kevin D.; Duff, Jane

doi:10.1038/s41393-018-0151-6

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover, similar to Peter and colleagues (2014, 2015) the present study identified direct effects of threat and loss appraisals on both, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Associations between negative appraisals and worse psychological adaptation outcomes over and above injury characteristics and other biological factors have also been reported in previous studies focusing on acute phase or inpatient rehabilitation (Eaton et al, 2018; Kennedy et al 2009). Additionally, other studies have identified appraisals at the beginning of inpatient rehabilitation to influence the development of adaptation indicators such as depression and anxiety up to two years after injury onset (Bonanno et al, 2012; Kennedy et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Adaptation during spinal cord injury rehabilitation: The role of appraisal and coping.

Aparício¹,

Kunz²,

Morselli³

et al. 2021

Rehabilitation Psychology

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Objective: To test the spinal cord injury adjustment model (SCIAM) by examining whether primary appraisals (threat or loss) and coping strategies (approach-oriented and denial) sequentially mediate the impact of functional independence, psychological resources, and social support on depressive and anxiety symptoms among individuals with spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation. Method: Path analyses of longitudinal data from a Swiss inception cohort study (N = 207). Models were implemented separately for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results: The initial models based on the SCIAM yielded poor fit and were respecified. Different from the SCIAM's assumptions, psychological resources and threat appraisal showed direct effects on depressive symptoms (b = -.28, SE = .07, p , .001 and b = .33, SE = .07, p , .001, respectively), while social support and threat appraisal showed direct effects on anxiety symptoms (b = -.23, SE = .06, p , .001 and b = .42, SE = .06, p , .001, respectively). Primary appraisals and coping strategies partially mediated the effects of psychological resources on depressive symptoms and fully mediated their effect on anxiety symptoms. However, this did not only happen via the SCIAM's sequential double mediation, since indirect effects were also observed via threat appraisal only. The final models explained 40 and 30% of the variance of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Conclusions: The findings only partially supported the SCIAM's sequential double mediation mechanism. Psychological resources, social support, and primary appraisals can have direct effects on psychological adaptation outcomes and may be suitable intervention targets during

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Adaptation during spinal cord injury rehabilitation: The role of appraisal and coping.

Aparício¹,

Kunz²,

Morselli³

et al. 2021

Rehabilitation Psychology

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“…To determine the construct validity of the B-IPQ total score and the B-IPQ subscale score, Spearman's correlations were calculated. We expected strong (≥.50) correlations with the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and resilience (‘convergent validity’), 11 and weak (≤.30) correlations with gender, age, living situation, educational levels, level of injury, and completeness of the injury (‘divergent validity’). 1819 The validity was confirmed when at least 75% (7:9) of these expectations were met.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of the current research was to study the (a) reliability and validity of the B-IPQ with eight items and possible subscales and (b) the interpretation of B-IPQ total scores, among rehabilitation inpatients with the SCI. We tested four hypotheses: (1) it is possible to compose reliable subscales with items of the B-IPQ, (2) strong correlations will be found between scores on the B-IPQ and measures of anxiety, depression, and resilience, 11 (3) weak correlation coefficients will be found between B-IPQ scores and demographic and injury-related characteristics, and (4) appropriate B-IPQ cut-off points will be determined for the interpretation of the level of experienced threat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) in individuals with a recently acquired spinal cord injury

et al. 2021

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Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) and possible subscales, and to interpret Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total scores, in individuals with a spinal cord injury. Design Cross-sectional Setting Seven Dutch rehabilitation centres Subjects Individuals with a recently acquired traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord injury at the start of inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation (N = 270). Main measure The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) consists of eight items on an individual's cognitive and emotional representation of one's health conditions. Principal component analysis was performed to identify possible Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) subscales. Validity was assessed by testing hypotheses on correlations between the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) and other measures. Cut-off points of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total score were determined. Results Mean (SD) age of participants was 60.1 (16.5) years, 188 (71%) were male, and 119 (44%) had tetraplegia. Three potential subscales were revealed. Cronbach's alpha was acceptable for only one subscale. This subscale was named ‘consequences’ and included the items ‘consequences’, ‘symptom burden’, ‘concern’, and ‘emotions’. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total and the consequence subscale showed the expected strong correlations (>.50) with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Mean (SD) scores were 40.9 (12.3) on the 8-item Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) (range 0–80) and 25.1 (8.1) on the consequences subscale (range 0–40). Cut-off points for the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total score were determined as follows: <42 indicating low experienced threat, 42–49 indicating moderate experienced threat, and ≥50 indicating high experienced threat. Conclusion The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total and consequences subscale seem applicable in individuals with a spinal cord injury in the rehabilitation practice and research.

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“…Pain intensity and perceived manageability improved over time, demonstrating the positive impact of diverse and intense rehabilitation. SCI requires extensive adjustment [49,55] and such adaptation requires support from multiple disciplines to provide a cohesive, manageable care plan for patients. Consequently, it can be inferred that a diverse, multi-faceted rehabilitation programme can have numerous health benefits for individuals with SCI including improved perceptions of manageability and coping post injury as well as in relation to pain outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ADAPSS-SF [48] is a self-evaluative measure of SCI impact and disability that is used to determine how patients perceive their own coping resources, the perceived adequacy of such resources and the likelihood that these can be employed effectively [49][50][51]. The measure comprises six items and has a 6-point Likert scale to measure how participants perceive their sense of disability in the context of their SCI.…”

Section: Appraisals Of Disability Primary and Secondary Scaleshort Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological outcomes of MRSA isolation in spinal cord injury rehabilitation

Gillett

Duff

Eaton

et al. 2020

Spinal Cord Ser Cases

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Study design Retrospective secondary analysis with a quantitative, matched-pairs design. Patients isolated due to methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were matched with controls without MRSA infection admitted to a multi-bedded ward, based on: gender, injury level, injury severity (AIS grade), age at the time of injury and year of admission. Objectives Determine the implications of MRSA-related infection isolation on spinal cord injury patients' anxiety, depression, appraisals of disability, perceived manageability and pain intensity. Hypotheses predicted patients who were isolated due to MRSA during inpatient stay would demonstrate poorer psychological health outcomes at discharge in comparison with non-isolated matched controls. Setting National Spinal Injuries Centre, England, UK. Methods Secondary analyses were conducted on pre-existing data based on patients' first admission for primary rehabilitation. Psychometric scales were used to measure outcome variables. Assessments were repeated at the time of admission and discharge. Results Nonparametric longitudinal analyses using the nparLD package in R were conducted. Relative treatment effects demonstrated that there were no significant differences between groups across all outcome measures. There was a significant effect of time (admission vs discharge) on perceived manageability and pain intensity, indicating improved outcomes at discharge. There was no difference in the overall length of stay between the isolated and non-isolated groups. Conclusions Isolation experienced by rehabilitation inpatients with spinal cord injury with MRSA had no effect on a series of psychological outcomes. Engaging with rehabilitation had a positive impact in reducing pain unpleasantness and increasing perceived manageability of spinal cord injury, irrespective of infection isolation.

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Cognitive appraisals and emotional status following a spinal cord injury in post-acute rehabilitation

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Adaptation during spinal cord injury rehabilitation: The role of appraisal and coping.

Adaptation during spinal cord injury rehabilitation: The role of appraisal and coping.

Reliability and validity of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) in individuals with a recently acquired spinal cord injury

Psychological outcomes of MRSA isolation in spinal cord injury rehabilitation

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