Cognitive assessment of pycnogenol therapy following traumatic brain injury

Roberts, Kelly N.

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.016

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Two researchers who were blinded to each group ( n = 7 per group) used mNSS to assess the neurologic deficits on 1 day pre-injury and on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after TBI [ 25 ]. The Morris water maze (MWM) paradigm was used to detect spatial learning and memory deficits as previously described [ 26 , 27 ]. Briefly, all rats were tasked to find a 13.5 cm in diameter circular black plastic platform located 1 cm below the water surface for 6 consecutive days (from days 15–20 after TBI) in a large circular tank (180 cm in diameter by 45 cm in height) filled with black cloudy water (depth of 30 cm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is a Promising Method to Restore Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Relieve Neurological Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury

Tang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Background. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce persistent fluctuation in the gut microbiota makeup and abundance. The present study is aimed at determining whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can rescue microbiota changes and ameliorate neurological deficits after TBI in rats. Methods. A controlled cortical impact (CCI) model was used to simulate TBI in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and FMT was performed for 7 consecutive days. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing of fecal samples was performed to analyze the effects of FMT on gut microbiota. Modified neurological severity score and Morris water maze were used to evaluate neurobehavioral functions. Metabolomics was used to screen differential metabolites from the rat serum and ipsilateral brains. The oxidative stress indices were measured in the brain. Results. TBI induced significance changes in the gut microbiome, including the alpha- and beta-bacterial diversity, as well as the microbiome composition at 8 days after TBI. On the other hand, FMT could rescue these changes and relieve neurological deficits after TBI. Metabolomics results showed that the level of trimethylamine (TMA) in feces and the level of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the ipsilateral brain and serum was increased after TBI, while FMT decreased TMA levels in the feces, and TMAO levels in the ipsilateral brain and serum. Antioxidant enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) in the ipsilateral hippocampus was decreased after TBI but increased after FMT. In addition, FMT elevated SOD and CAT activities and GSH/GSSG ratio and diminished ROS, GSSG, and MDA levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus after TBI. Conclusions. FMT can restore gut microbiota dysbiosis and relieve neurological deficits possibly through the TMA-TMAO-MsrA signaling pathway after TBI.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is a Promising Method to Restore Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Relieve Neurological Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury

Tang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…There are countless experimental studies about pycnogenol. In this literature, the antioxidative effects of pycnogenol have been investigated in various organs and tissues, such as the eye, brain, optic nerve, nasal mucosa, peritoneum, lymph nodes, bones, heart, aorta, kidney, liver and colon in animal models [8,[10][11][12][13][19][20][21][22][23][24]. This literature information suggests that antioxidant drugs might be beneficial in preventing CP-related uterine and ovarian toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can pycnogenol prevent cisplatin-induced damage in uterus and ovaries?

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent, which is thought to act on tissues with increased levels of reactive oxygen species and decreased levels of antioxidants. Pycnogenol is a potent antioxidant that is used in medical conditions caused by oxidative stress. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the effects of pycnogenol on cisplatin-induced uterine and ovarian damage in rats. Material and methods: Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups before the experiment as follows: a 2.5 mg/kg cisplatin group (CG; n = 10), a 40 mg/kg pycnogenol + 2.5 mg/kg cisplatin group (PCG; n = 10), and a healthy control group (HG; n = 10). Then, the ovaries and uteri of the rats were examined to determine malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) biochemical levels and the histopathological findings. Results: Our study demonstrated that, in uterine and ovarian tissues of rats administered with cisplatin, there was a decrease in the levels of tGSH and SOD, while MDA was increased; however, it was observed that these ratios were reversed in the PCG group (p < 0.05). The number of follicles in the ovarian tissues was examined in all 3 groups. When the CG group was compared with the other two groups, the number of primordial, developing and atretic follicles was low, but there was no difference in the corpus luteum count. Conclusions: Pycnogenol pretreatment alleviates cisplatin-induced uterine and ovarian injury in rats because of its antioxidative effect.

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“…There was no mention of any specific mechanism underlying these positive effects with PYC other than its natural antioxidant characteristic. The most recent study 153 tested whether or not the positive effects of PYC resulted in possible changes in lesion volume and improved cognitive testing following TBI. Animals were treated after the trauma in a fashion identical to the group's first PYC study and subsequently evaluated in the MWM 7 days post-injury.…”

Section: Pycnogenol (Pyc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Compounds as a Therapeutic Intervention following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of Phytochemicals

Ansari

2017

Journal of Neurotrauma

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There has been a tremendous focus on the discovery and development of neuroprotective agents that might have clinical relevance following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This type of brain injury is very complex and is divided into two major components. The first component, a primary injury, occurs at the time of impact and is the result of the mechanical insult itself. This primary injury is thought to be irreversible and resistant to most treatments. A second component or secondary brain injury, is defined as cellular damage that is not immediately obvious after trauma, but that develops after a delay of minutes, hours, or even days. This injury appears to be amenable to treatment. Because of the complexity of the secondary injury, any type of therapeutic intervention needs to be multi-faceted and have the ability to simultaneously modulate different cellular changes. Because of diverse pharmaceutical interactions, combinations of different drugs do not work well in concert and result in adverse physiological conditions. Research has begun to investigate the possibility of using natural compounds as a therapeutic intervention following TBI. These compounds normally have very low toxicity and have reduced interactions with other pharmaceuticals. In addition, many natural compounds have the potential to target numerous different components of the secondary injury. Here, we review 33 different plant-derived natural compounds, phytochemicals, which have been investigated in experimental animal models of TBI. Some of these phytochemicals appear to have potential as possible therapeutic interventions to offset key components of the secondary injury cascade. However, not all studies have used the same scientific rigor, and one should be cautious in the interpretation of studies using naturally occurring phytochemical in TBI research.

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Cognitive assessment of pycnogenol therapy following traumatic brain injury

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is a Promising Method to Restore Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Relieve Neurological Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is a Promising Method to Restore Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Relieve Neurological Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury

Can pycnogenol prevent cisplatin-induced damage in uterus and ovaries?

Natural Compounds as a Therapeutic Intervention following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of Phytochemicals

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