Cognitive–behavioral stress management and psychological well-being in HIV+ racial/ethnic minority women with human papillomavirus.

Abstract

Objective-This study is a secondary analysis examining the effects of a cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention on indicators of positive psychological well-being and negative psychological well-being in HIV-positive racial/ethnic minority women at risk for cervical cancer due to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and/or cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN). Results-Women in the CBSM group reported significant increases in domains of positive wellbeing, with no changes among women in the psychoeducational seminar (F[6, 63] = 2.42, p<.05, η 2 = 0.19). There were no significant changes in domains of negative well-being across time for either group (F[2, 65] = 2.60, p= .08, η 2 = 0.07). Conclusions-These findings suggest that racial/ethnic minority women with HIV at risk for cervical cancer who were randomized to a 10-week CBSM group experienced enhanced positive well-being. The lack of effects on negative well-being may be due to the relatively low levels of negative well-being present in this sample at study entry. Future research should examine whether these effects are replicated in a randomized controlled trial of women with biopsy-confirmed CIN who present with greater distress levels that also employs a time-equivalent comparison condition. Methods

Systematic Review of Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Improve Mental Health of Women Living with HIV

“…Effect size was also calculated for the postintervention score comparing the means of the control group with the experimental group. Effect sizes were calculated using the formula Cohen’s d=M 1 −M 2 /s pooled , where s pooled =√[(s 1 2 + s 2 2 )/2] 11…”

Estrategias no farmacológicas en el paciente clínicamente enfermo, ¿qué nos dice la literatura?

“…Es necesario aclarar que, a pesar de los criterios de selección, algunos de los artículos se relacionaban con condiciones crónicas de patología no oncológica, entre las cuales se encuentran la fibromialgia [23], el VIH [24,25], el lupus eritematoso sistémico [26], la dermatitis atópica [27], secuelas de enfermedad cerebrovascular [28,29], el dolor crónico de espalda y cuello [6,30,31,32], así como la fatiga crónica [33]. Sin embargo, de los 136 artículos referenciados, el 69 % (n = 94) correspondía a intervenciones realizadas con población oncológica, entre los cuales las poblaciones descritas son cáncer de seno y sus complicaciones en mujeres (48 %) [34,35], y sobrevivientes de cáncer de próstata en hombres (6,4 %) [36]; mientras que el excedente correspondía a las demás patologías crónicas que afectan la percepción de calidad de vida de los pacientes, no relacionadas a patología oncológica [11].…”

Caring for women living with HIV: gaps in the evidence

“…High levels of psychological distress, low health-related QoL, unwillingness to seek help and financial support, sexual problems and childcare issues have been reported among women [114, 115]. Counselling and cognitive-behavioural interventions can reduce stress, increase overall QoL [1, 25, 116–118] and promote positive emotional health and wellbeing as well as reducing HIV risk behaviours. Peer support and mentoring are useful when cultural and social barriers preclude professional counselling.…”

“…It is often overlooked that more than 50% of adults living with HIV globally are women and, as women make up a higher proportion of new diagnoses than men, the number of infections among this group is increasing in many countries [1]. Regardless of the epidemiology, women have always been under-represented and even excluded in many areas of HIV clinical research.…”