Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy; Adaptations Required to Treat Adolescents

Katz, Laurence Y.; Fotti, Sarah; Postl, Lara

doi:10.1016/j.psc.2008.10.005

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The majority of studies concerning perinatal asphyxia focus on the detection of major developmental abnormalities at a very young age (24) or biopathophysiological changes within several days after birth (25,26), while behavioral changes such as anxiety during the juvenile period are one of the important focuses in long-term neurological outcomes after perinatal HI insult (27). The present study was novel because it targeted the effect of a neonatal HI insult on anxiety during the period from 1 week after the HI insult to 3 weeks after HI, a time that corresponds to the human juvenile period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxic-ischemic injury decreases anxiety-like behavior in rats when associated with loss of tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons of the substantia nigra

Hei

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2012

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control, mild hypoxia-ischemia (HI), and severe HI groups (N = 10 in each group at each time) on postnatal day 7 (P7) to study the effect of mild and severe HI on anxiety-like behavior and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra (SN). The mild and severe HI groups were exposed to hypoxia (8% O2/92% N2) for 90 and 150 min, respectively. The elevated plus-maze (EPM) test was performed to assess anxiety-like behavior by measuring time spent in the open arms (OAT) and OAT%, and immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of TH in the SN at P14, P21, and P28. OAT and OAT% in the EPM were significantly increased in both the mild (1.88-, 1.99-, and 2.04-fold, and 1.94-, 1.51-, and 1.46-fold) and severe HI groups (1.69-, 1.68-, and 1.87-fold, and 1.83-, 1.43-, and 1.39-fold, respectively; P < 0.05). The percent of TH-positive cells occupying the SN area was significantly and similarly decreased in both the mild (17.7, 40.2, and 47.2%) and severe HI groups (16.3, 32.2, and 43.8%, respectively; P < 0.05). The decrease in the number of TH-positive cells in the SN and the level of protein expression were closely associated (Pearson correlation analysis: r = 0.991, P = 0.000 in the mild HI group and r = 0.974, P = 0.000 in the severe HI group) with the impaired anxiety-like behaviors. We conclude that neonatal HI results in decreased anxiety-like behavior during the juvenile period of Sprague-Dawley rats, which is associated with the decreased activity of TH in the SN. The impairment of anxiety and the expression of TH are not likely to be dependent on the severity of HI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxic-ischemic injury decreases anxiety-like behavior in rats when associated with loss of tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons of the substantia nigra

Hei

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2012

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Non-pharmacological therapies in the form of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) are the preferred initial management strategy for PTSD in children. DBT, helping children and adolescents to deal with painful feelings, may be necessary before CBT can be done [7]. Currently, no selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are food and drug administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of PTSD in the pediatric population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Pediatric Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Presenting as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Report

Tahir

Gujar

Jahan

2017

Cureus

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In the past few years, there has been increased recognition that children, who have faced traumatic incidences, can develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), just like in adults. We present a case of PTSD in a 6-year-old child who endured three surgical procedures because he was suffering from a congenital cranial stenosis (Pfeiffer) syndrome. Because of repetitive painful episodes, resulting from the syndrome, and then post-surgical complications, the child developed behavioral outbursts, hypervigilence, concentration problems, and irritability. In the past, the child was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the realm of his behavioral complaints, and he was already on stimulant medications for last one year. But there was no remarkable effect of pharmacotherapy on child’s behavior despite increasing dosages. Ultimately the child’s medical and psychiatric history was reviewed and a diagnosis of pediatric PTSD was made. Stimulant medications were discontinued and management was started on the lines of pediatric PTSD, resulting in a remarkable improvement in child’s psychiatric outcome.

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“…If the adolescent has difficulties with conventional problem solving or decision analysis procedures involving generating alternative solutions and identifying positive consequences of potential solutions, the therapist may use a simpler version of problem solving, such as asking the adolescent to list the pros and cons of an action. Also, adolescents with limited cognitive ability will require greater emphasis on the behavioural components of therapy [ 62 ].…”

Section: Unipolar Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A nonjudgmental stance is another key factor in developing a therapeutic alliance with adolescent patients, because depressed adolescents often experience their environment, and particularly adults, as judgmental. Adopting a nonjudgmental, empathic, genuine, and tolerant stance will enable the therapist to establish an alliance with a wide range of adolescents and their families [ 62 ].…”

Section: Unipolar Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, the therapist should work on the homework together with the patient in session and look into ways to get the homework done. Although completing homework is essential, the adolescent should by no means be made to feel guilty or inadequate, as this would damage the alliance and greatly decrease the probability that homework would be completed [ 62 ].…”

Section: Unipolar Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychotherapy of Mood Disorders

Picardi

Gaetano²

2014

Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health

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In the last decades, psychotherapy has gained increasing acceptance as a major treatment option for mood disorders. Empirically supported treatments for major depression include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), behavioural therapy and, to a lesser extent, short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. Meta-analytic evidence suggests that psychotherapy has a significant and clinically relevant, though not large, effect on chronic forms of depression. Psychotherapy with chronic patients should take into account several important differences between patients with chronic and acute depression (identification with their depressive illness, more severe social skill deficits, persistent sense of hopelessness, need of more time to adapt to better circumstances). Regarding adolescent depression, the effectiveness of IPT and CBT is empirically supported. Adolescents require appropriate modifications of treatment (developmental approach to psychotherapy, involvement of parents in therapy). The combination of psychotherapy and medication has recently attracted substantial interest; the available evidence suggests that combined treatment has small but significant advantages over each treatment modality alone, and may have a protective effect against depression relapse or recurrence. Psychobiological models overcoming a rigid brain-mind dichotomy may help the clinician give patients a clear rationale for the combination of psychological and pharmacological treatment. In recent years, evidence has accumulated regarding the effectiveness of psychological therapies (CBT, family-focused therapy, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, psychoeducation) as an adjunct to medication in bipolar disorder. These therapies share several common elements and there is considerable overlap in their actual targets. Psychological interventions were found to be useful not only in the treatment of bipolar depressive episodes, but in all phases of the disorder.

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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy; Adaptations Required to Treat Adolescents

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Hypoxic-ischemic injury decreases anxiety-like behavior in rats when associated with loss of tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons of the substantia nigra

Hypoxic-ischemic injury decreases anxiety-like behavior in rats when associated with loss of tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons of the substantia nigra

A Case of Pediatric Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Presenting as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Report

Psychotherapy of Mood Disorders

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