Cognitive Changes with Aging

Baghel, Meghraj Singh; Singh, Padmanabh; Srivas, Sweta; Thakur, M. K.

doi:10.1007/s40011-017-0906-4

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Chronic sedentary effects are more likely to be apparent in older individuals than in younger individuals. In addition, as advancing age is associated with cognitive decline ( 115 ), the effects potentially observed in older sedentary individuals must be age-controlled (matched control group) as it is the case for only 7 of the 13 studies included here ( 65 – 67 , 71 , 73 , 75 , 76 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedentary Behavior at Work and Cognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review

Magnon¹,

Vallet²,

Auxiette³

2018

Front. Public Health

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Background: It is now well-established that sedentarity has a negative impact on the physiological functioning and health of humans, whereas very little is known about the psychological repercussions, especially in cognitive functioning. Yet, studying the cognitive effects of the sedentary lifestyle is particularly relevant in the short term for productivity and in the long term for cognitive health (accelerated aging). This systematic review therefore aims to make an inventory of the potential cognitive effects of sedentarity at the workplace.Methods: Pubmed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for English-language peer-reviewed articles published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017 to identify studies including sedentary behavior and objective measures from cognitive domains (cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, etc.). To carry out this systematic review, the 3 keywords “Sedentary” and “Cognition” and “Work” (and their derivatives) had to appear in the title or in the summary of the paper.Results: Of the 13 papers that met the inclusion criteria, 9 were short-term interventions, 3 medium-term interventions, and 1 long-term intervention. Nine of them reported non-significant results. Two studies study reported deterioration in cognitive performance. Two reported an improvement in performance in cognitive tasks with one study with overweight adults and the only one study with a long-term intervention. However, these studies intend to reduce sedentary behavior, but do not allow answering the question of the potential cognitive effects of the sedentary lifestyle.Conclusion: These data suggest that sedentary behavior is not associated with changes in cognitive performance in interventions that intend to reduce sedentary behavior. Then, and given the trend toward increased time in sedentary behavior, long-term prospective studies of high methodological quality are recommended to clarify the relationships between sedentary behavior and the cognitive functioning. Our systematic review identifies also the need for retrospective, longitudinal, or epidemiologic studies. It also recognizes the need to standardize methodology for collecting, defining, and reporting sedentary behavior and the need to standardize the cognitive tests used. The relationship between sedentary behavior and cognitive functioning remaining uncertain, further studies are warranted for which 8 recommendations are proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedentary Behavior at Work and Cognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review

Magnon¹,

Vallet²,

Auxiette³

2018

Front. Public Health

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“…The brain may be especially vulnerable to the aging process as age‐related neurological and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease, and a variety of emotional, motor, and cognitive disturbances are manifested at this stage of life (Erickson & Banks, 2019; Neumann et al., 2020). Indeed, aging is invariably accompanied by alterations in motor activity as well as disturbances in emotional and cognitive functions (Baghel et al, 2017; Pignolo et al., 2020). Hence, a better understanding of age‐related brain changes would not only provide clues to this mysteriously inevitable process, but may also point to potential interventions for at least a healthier living at later life stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐related behavioral and ultrastructural changes in the rat amygdala

Lomidze¹,

Zhvania²,

Tizabi

et al. 2020

Developmental Neurobiology

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Although the relationships between brain structure and emotions may alter across the life span, this relationship is of particular importance during aging when significant alterations in emotions may be manifested. Understanding the structural–behavioral relationship could not only provide a neurobiological basis of these changes, but could also suggest potential intervention. Since anxiety is commonly observed in aging population, we undertook this study to determine the extent of this behavioral manifestations as well as the associated ultrastructural changes in the amygdala. Rats of various age groups, adolescent, adult, and aged were tested for anxiety‐like behavior and the ultrastructure/presynaptic architecture of the central nucleus of amygdala (CNA) were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (EM). Aged rats were consistently more anxious than the other groups as evidenced by their scores in the elevated plus maze. Morphometric EM analysis of axodendritic synapses revealed that the aged rats had a lower presynaptic area as well as number of synapses, but unexpectedly a higher number of presynaptic mitochondria in CNA. Since presynaptic mitochondria are known to provide the energy for neurotransmission, it may be concluded that compensatory mechanisms are still operational during aging, and hence, may be a target for therapeutic intervention at this stage of life span.

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“…Thus, negative stereotypes about aging can be particularly damaging in the daily life of older adults [ 50 ]. These stereotypes are particular in that they can predict cognitive and physical declines, as they are actually true, although there is great variability among individuals in the propensity for age-related cognitive decline [ 51 , 52 ]. Thus, confirming negative stereotypes about aging is a real threat to older adults, particularly with respect to neurodegenerative diseases, which are of great concern to them.…”

Section: Stereotype Threat and Working Memory In Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a New Approach to Investigate the Role of Working Memory in Stereotype Threat Effects

2022

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Stereotype threat arises when the activation of negative stereotypes about a group impairs performance of stigmatized individuals on stereotype relevant tasks. There is ample evidence that stereotype threat leads to performance detriments by consuming executive resources. Several studies indeed showed that working memory (WM) mediates stereotype threat effects among young adults. More recently, researchers have sought to understand whether the same mechanisms underlie age-based stereotype threat, but findings are mixed regarding the role of WM and some authors rather favor a motivational explanation based on regulatory fit. The present review critically appraises the empirical support for distinct forms of stereotype threat effects mediated by distinct mechanisms. We propose a novel approach based on one of the most recent WM models, the time-based resource sharing model, to evaluate the impact of stereotype threat on attentional resources in WM among both young and older adults.

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Cognitive Changes with Aging

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Sedentary Behavior at Work and Cognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review

Sedentary Behavior at Work and Cognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review

Age‐related behavioral and ultrastructural changes in the rat amygdala

Toward a New Approach to Investigate the Role of Working Memory in Stereotype Threat Effects

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