2014
DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000002
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Cognitive Consequences of Aging With HIV

Abstract: Combination active antiretroviral therapy prevents HIV from replicating and ravaging the immune system, thus allowing people to age with this disease. Unfortunately, the synergistic effects of HIV and aging can predispose many to become more at-risk of developing cognitive deficits which can interfere with medical management, everyday functioning, and quality of life. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of cognitive reserve and neuroplasticity on cognitive functioning in those aging with this d… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Cognitive reserve is a process whereby potential performance deficits due to insult to neural systems are assuaged by a built-up ability to more efficiently utilize brain networks (Stern, 2002). Higher levels of cognitive reserve may serve multiple protective purposes in HIV, including 1) having a lowered risk of cross-sectional neurocognitive deficits (Vázquez-Justo, Blanco, Vergara-Moragues, Gestoso, & Pérez-García, 2014; for review, see Vance, McDougall, Wilson, Debiasi, & Cody, 2014) and 2) a decreased risk of concurrent everyday functioning problems (Morgan, Woods, et al, 2012). Closer examination of the variables of which cognitive reserve was comprised showed that Hollingshead occupation scores were significantly associated with incident neurocognitive disorders in the older HIV+ adults.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cognitive reserve is a process whereby potential performance deficits due to insult to neural systems are assuaged by a built-up ability to more efficiently utilize brain networks (Stern, 2002). Higher levels of cognitive reserve may serve multiple protective purposes in HIV, including 1) having a lowered risk of cross-sectional neurocognitive deficits (Vázquez-Justo, Blanco, Vergara-Moragues, Gestoso, & Pérez-García, 2014; for review, see Vance, McDougall, Wilson, Debiasi, & Cody, 2014) and 2) a decreased risk of concurrent everyday functioning problems (Morgan, Woods, et al, 2012). Closer examination of the variables of which cognitive reserve was comprised showed that Hollingshead occupation scores were significantly associated with incident neurocognitive disorders in the older HIV+ adults.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chronic inflammation from immune activation and elevated levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and IL-6 have been linked to early aging, decline in cognitive function, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, decline in renal function, cancer, bone disease, and other end-organ diseases (Deeks, 2011; Duprez et al, 2012; Erlandson et al, 2013; Kamat, Misra, et al, 2012; Marks et al, 2013; Pedersen et al, 2013; Vance et al, 2014). As noted in Table 2, many inflammatory-related symptoms are reported in HIV disease and there are even a few symptoms without any correlation data.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Conditions normally associated with aging in uninfected populations manifest themselves prematurely in patients living with HIV disease (Deeks, 2011; Vance, McDougall, Wilson, Debiasi, & Cody, 2014). As such, aging is associated with cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, cancer, bone disease, immunosenescence, and frailty (Deeks, 2011), which may be due to chronic inflammation caused by microbial translocation.…”
Section: Microbial Translocationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A presumptive clinical diagnosis of HAND is indicated when there is evidence of an acquired difficulty with everyday functioning as determined by questionnaires and other screening tools (Vance, McDougall et al 2014). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%