Cognitive Constructs and Individual Differences Underlying ADHD and Dyslexia

Kirby, John R.; Kim, Hee‐Jin; Silvestri, Robert

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410388-7.00011-7

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…ADHD, personality and substance abuse disorders, etc.) [29][30][31]. However, although there appears to be a positive relationship between higher RBC ALA levels and impulsivity, this association cannot be explained by diet-related factors (i.e., higher dietary nut intake).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acids and attention scores in healthy adolescents

Pinar

Fernández–Barrés

Gignac

et al. 2022

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Omega-3 fatty acids are critical for brain function. Adolescence is increasingly believed to entail brain vulnerability to dietary intake. In contrast to the abundant research on the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cognition, research on DHA and attention in healthy adolescents is scarce. In addition, the role of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the vegetable omega-3 fatty acid, is unexplored. We examined associations between DHA and ALA and attention function among a healthy young population. In this cross-sectional study conducted in 372 adolescents (13.8 ± 0.9 years-old), we determined the red blood cell proportions of DHA and ALA by gas chromatography (objective biomarkers of their long-term dietary intake) and measured attention scores through the Attention Network Test. We constructed multivariable linear regression models to analyze associations, controlling for known confounders. Compared to participants at the lowest DHA tertile (reference), those at the highest DHA tertile showed significantly lower hit reaction time-standard error (higher attentiveness) (28.13 ms, 95% confidence interval [CI] = – 52.30; – 3.97), lower hit reaction time ( – 38.30 ms, 95% CI = – 73.28; – 3.33) and lower executive conflict response ( – 5.77 ms, 95% CI = – 11.44; – 0.09). In contrast, higher values were observed in those at the top tertile of ALA in hit reaction time compared to the lowest one (46.14 ms, 95% CI = 9.90; 82.34). However, a beneficial association was observed for ALA, with decreasing impulsivity index across tertiles. Overall, our results suggest that DHA (reflecting its dietary intake) is associated with attention performance in typically developing adolescents. The role of dietary ALA in attention is less clear, although higher blood levels of ALA appear to result in lower impulsivity. Future intervention studies are needed to determine the causality of these associations and to better shape dietary recommendations for brain health during the adolescence period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acids and attention scores in healthy adolescents

Pinar

Fernández–Barrés

Gignac

et al. 2022

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…Parents attended an in-person manualized psychoeducational training program focused on ADHD. The program was based on well-evidence-based interventions developed by Barkley [ 42 ] and Kazdin [ 43 ], incorporating neuropsychological findings about the cognitive functions of children with attention deficits [ 57 , 58 ] and neurocognitive training [ 59 , 60 ]. The parent training was delivered in eight weekly group sessions (1.5–2 h per session), each focusing on a different thematic unit through lectures, group discussions, modeling, and role-playing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systematic supervision sessions were delivered on a weekly basis by the designers of the intervention program, namely, a licensed Educational/School Psychologist, and an Assistant Professor in Educational Psychology. Barkley [42] and Kazdin [43], incorporating neuropsychological findings about the cognitive functions of children with attention deficits [57,58] and neurocognitive training [59,60]. The parent training was delivered in eight weekly group sessions (1.5-2 h per session), each focusing on a different thematic unit through lectures, group discussions, modeling, and role-playing.…”

Section: Intervention Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child ViReal Support Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study for Effective Support of Parents Raising Children with Attention Deficits

Pachiti,

Milienos,

Dimitropoulou

2023

Behavioral Sciences

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) results in various functioning impairments in children’s lives and families. Parents of children with ADHD report high levels of parenting stress, low levels of parental self-efficacy, and use of more authoritarian and/or permissive parenting practices than parents of typically developing children. Intervention programs need to address both children’s and parents’ needs and multimodal intervention programs could cover this demand. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of “Child ViReal Support Program”—a multi-level evidence-based comprehensive program—on parenting stress, parental self-efficacy, parenting practices, and the core symptoms of children’s ADHD. Families with a child diagnosed with ADHD (n = 16) were randomly allocated to two groups (PC and CP; P = parent training, C = child training), and a cross-over design was utilized. Participating parents completed, in four different times during the study, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Version, and the parent form of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Parents from both groups, after their participation in the parent training, demonstrated reduced parenting stress, enhanced parental self-efficacy, and increased the employ of democratic parenting practices. More than that, they reported decreased levels of inattention and impulsivity/hyperactivity for their children. Evidence-based multi-level intervention programs could produce positive effects on parents and children by incorporating effective methods and tools in accordance with the needs and the demands of the family context.

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Child ViReal Support Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study for Effective Support of Parents Raising Children with Attention Deficits

Pachiti,

Milienos,

Dimitropoulou

2023

Preprint

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) results in various functioning impairments in children’s lives and families. Parents of children with ADHD report high levels of parenting stress, low levels of parental self-efficacy and use of more authoritarian and/or permissive parenting practices than parents of typically developing children. Intervention programs need to address both children’s and parents’ needs and multimodal intervention programs could cover this demand. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of “Child ViReal Support Program” - a multi-level evidence-based comprehensive program - on parenting stress, parental self-efficacy, parenting practices, and the core symptoms of children’s ADHD. Families with a child diagnosed with ADHD (n = 16) were randomly allocated to two groups (PC and CP; P = parent training, C = child training) and a cross-over design was utilized. Participating parents completed, in four different times during the study, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Version and the parent form of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Parents from both groups, after their participation in the parent training, demonstrated reduced parenting stress, enhanced parental self-efficacy and increased the employ of democratic parenting practices. More than that, they reported decreased levels of inattention and impulsivity/hyperactivity for their children. Evidence-based multi-level intervention programs could produce positive effects in parents and children by incorporating effective methods and tools in accordance with the needs and the demands of the family context.

show abstract

Cognitive Constructs and Individual Differences Underlying ADHD and Dyslexia

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acids and attention scores in healthy adolescents

Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acids and attention scores in healthy adolescents

Child ViReal Support Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study for Effective Support of Parents Raising Children with Attention Deficits

Child ViReal Support Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study for Effective Support of Parents Raising Children with Attention Deficits

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