Cognitive control in mild traumatic brain injury: Conflict monitoring and conflict adaptation

The Persistent Influence of Concussive Injuries on Cognitive Control and Neuroelectric Function

“…Thus, the current results add to a growing body of research 19,26,42 detailing deficits in conflict monitoring and adaptation after concussion. These deficits were further localized to the nonswitch trials of the task.…”

“…Further, this effect appears to endure: deficits have been observed in participants from approximately 3 years 19,23 to more than 34 years after injury. 20 In addition to the P3 component, recent researchers 19,26,42 have also observed enduring concussion-related deficits in the neuroelectric correlates of conflict monitoring and adaptation during cognitive control performance. These results suggest that in addition to attentional resource allocation, concussive injuries may negatively affect indexes of conflict monitoring and adaptation.…”

The persistent influence of pediatric concussion on attention and cognitive control during flanker performance

“…Similar to previous research (Larson, Farrer, & Clayson, 2011;Moore, Drollette, & et al, 2014;Pontifex et al, 2011), preliminary ERP analyses were carried out to determine the sites of maximal activation. Analysis revealed that all participants exhibited topographical maxima at sites FCz and Cz for the N2 component, but exhibited differences in amplitude maxima (centrality and laterality) for the P3 component (CPz, CP1, CP2, Pz, P1, P2).…”

The development of lasting impairments: A mild pediatric brain injury alters gene expression, dendritic morphology, and synaptic connectivity in the prefrontal cortex of rats

“…Pontifex et al, 2009;Larson et al, 2011;Howell et al, 2013;Mychasiuk et al, 2014a,b), this study sought to examine anatomical and epigenetic factors that could contribute to these impairments. Neuroanatomical investigation clearly indicates that the experience of a mTBI in the juvenile period increased complexity of pyramidal neurons of the mPFC.…”

“…The prefrontal cortex was the primary area of exploration because it is significantly correlated with the functional impairments generally reported after mTBI and it is undergoing substantial growth and plasticity during childhood and adolescence (Bock et al, 2005;Kolb et al, 2012). mTBIs are often associated with deficits in executive control and attention (Larson et al, 2011;Golmirzaei et al, 2013;Howell et al, 2013), impaired social skills (Janusz et al, 2002;Mychasiuk et al, 2014b), and diminished shortterm/working memory (Malojcic et al, 2008); all of which rely upon the neural circuits of the prefrontal cortex. The examination of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) included Golgi-Cox investigation of pyramidal neuron morphology, analysis of gene expression changes for seven distinct genes, Nogo-A, DNMT1, BDNF, FGF2, IGF1, Oxytocin-Receptor, and TERT, and determination of telomere length (TL).…”