Cognitive control over emotional information in current and remitted depression

Quigley, Leanne; Wen, Alainna; Dobson, Keith S.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103658

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The final sample ( N = 178) consisted of 58 CD, 65 RD, and 55 HC participants. In the current study, we used data from a larger study on the cognitive control of emotional information in depression (Quigley et al, 2020). The sample size from the larger study was obtained from power analysis using G*Power3 (Faul et al, 2007) to detect a medium effect size for group differences (Cohen’s d = 0.5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion Regulation Diversity in Current and Remitted Depression

Wen

Quigley

Yoon

et al. 2021

Clinical Psychological Science

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Depression is associated with reduced flexibility in emotion regulation (ER). Diversity in the use of ER strategies is crucial for ER flexibility. In this study, we examined associations between depression and ER diversity and proposed a novel measure: the ER diversity index. Currently depressed ( n = 58), remitted depressed ( n = 65), and healthy control participants ( n = 55) rated their use of nine ER strategies. Four ER measures were computed (diversity index, sum score, flexibility score, intraindividual standard deviation), and their association with diagnostic group was compared. The ER diversity index was associated with depression status more strongly than all other ER measures. Currently and remitted depressed individuals exhibited greater diversity in ER strategies overall and maladaptive ER strategies but less diversity in adaptive ER strategies compared with healthy individuals. Thus, the ER diversity index may be a valid measure of ER diversity, and ER diversity may have an important role in depression.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion Regulation Diversity in Current and Remitted Depression

Wen

Quigley

Yoon

et al. 2021

Clinical Psychological Science

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“…This deficit has been suggested to give rise to maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as depressive rumination, which has been consistently implicated as a key mechanism in depression 60 . Indeed, many studies report a deficit in various forms of inhibition over negative, but not of positive information 25 , 61 , 62 (see reviews in 16 , 18 ). Specifically, studies using the explicit version of the affective GNG task, which requires response based on the emotional content of the stimulus (e.g., sad vs. happy) often report specific deficits in prepotent inhibition to sad compared with happy stimuli in depression 38 , 50 , 63 and in non-clinical samples 25 , 42 , 43 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a lexical decision task, Siegle et al 46 found that dysphoric participants had longer RTs in cases of irrelevant negative information, and shorter RTs in cases of relevant negative information. Studies using other paradigms, which require inhibition of task-irrelevant inhibitory materials, such as the Negative Affective Priming (NAP) task 65 , the Stroop inhibition task 25 , 66 or the emotional flanker task 62 similarly reported specific deficits in inhibition of negative expressions, indicating an inability to ignore or suppress negative information (see reviews in 16 , 18 , 67 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between implicit and explicit affective inhibitory control, rumination and depressive symptoms

Shimony

Einav

Bonne

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Inhibitory control underlies one’s ability to maintain goal-directed behavior by inhibiting prepotent responses or ignoring irrelevant information. Recent models suggest that impaired inhibition of negative information may contribute to depressive symptoms, and that this association is mediated by rumination. However, the exact nature of this association, particularly in non-clinical samples, is unclear. The current study assessed the relationship between inhibitory control over emotional vs. non-emotional information, rumination and depressive symptoms. A non-clinical sample of 119 participants (mean age: 36.44 ± 11.74) with various levels of depressive symptoms completed three variations of a Go/No-Go task online; two of the task variations required either explicit or implicit processing of emotional expressions, and a third variation contained no emotional expressions (i.e., neutral condition). We found reductions in inhibitory control for participants reporting elevated symptoms of depression on all three task variations, relative to less depressed participants. However, for the task variation that required implicit emotion processing, depressive symptoms were associated with inhibitory deficits for sad and neutral, but not for happy expressions. An exploratory analysis showed that the relationship between inhibition and depressive symptoms occurs in part through trait rumination for all three tasks, regardless of emotional content. Collectively, these results indicate that elevated depressive symptoms are associated with both a general inhibitory control deficit, as well as affective interference from negative emotions, with implications for the assessment and treatment of mood disorders.

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“…Separate analyses of these cognitive control components suggest that, in general, patients with MDD show deficits in all of them, mainly in relation to longer reaction times. Specifically, a recent study analyzing the three cognitive control components suggests that patients with MMD present greater difficulty shifting away from an emotion-relevant task set (compared with an emotion-irrelevant one), updating WM with emotional contents, and a reduced ability to inhibit the processing of negative distracting stimuli (Quigley et al, 2020). Whether these deficits are modulated by the severity of the condition or whether they remain or disappear at remission is still uncertain given the inconsistency of the findings available so far.…”

Section: Inhibition and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this review, the three-component model of cognitive control proposed by Miyake and colleagues (Miyake et al, 2000) was chosen as a framework around which the review of the extant knowledge could be articulated. Even though this conception of cognitive control has inspired many empirical studies in experimental psychology and in the clinical field (Quigley et al, 2020), the model itself is not exempt from limitations. As previously commented, recent studies propose modifications to the original structure derived from confirmatory factor analysis (see Miyake and Friedman, 2012;Friedman and Miyake, 2017 for a detailed discussion).…”

Section: Conclusion: Toward An Integrative Interplay Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Control, Cognitive Biases and Emotion Regulation in Depression: A New Proposal for an Integrative Interplay Model

2021

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Research traditions on cognition and depression focus on relatively unconnected aspects of cognitive functioning. On one hand, the neuropsychological perspective has concentrated on cognitive control difficulties as a prominent feature of this condition. On the other hand, the clinical psychology perspective has focused on cognitive biases and repetitive negative patterns of thinking (i.e., rumination) for emotional information. A review of the literature from both fields reveals that difficulties are more evident for mood-congruent materials, suggesting that cognitive control difficulties interact with cognitive biases to hinder cognitive switching, working memory updating, and inhibition of irrelevant information. Connecting research from these two traditions, we propose a novel integrative cognitive model of depression in which the interplay between mood-congruent cognitive control difficulties, cognitive biases, and rumination may ultimately lead to ineffective emotion-regulation strategies to downregulate negative mood and upregulate positive mood.

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Cognitive control over emotional information in current and remitted depression

Cited by 24 publications

References 59 publications

Emotion Regulation Diversity in Current and Remitted Depression

Emotion Regulation Diversity in Current and Remitted Depression

The association between implicit and explicit affective inhibitory control, rumination and depressive symptoms

Cognitive Control, Cognitive Biases and Emotion Regulation in Depression: A New Proposal for an Integrative Interplay Model

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